13 EMBRIOLOGIA DO SISTEMA UROGENITAL parte 1

Summary

This video explains the embryogenesis of the human urinary system, covering the formation and function of the kidneys, bladder, and related structures. It begins with the development of the intermediate mesoderm and the nephrogenic cord, which eventually give rise to the kidneys. The script also outlines the three successive renal systems, from the primitive pronephros to the permanent metanephros, and their roles in evolution. The formation of the bladder from the cloaca is detailed, along with common congenital renal malformations, such as renal agenesis and polycystic kidney disease. Overall, the content provides a comprehensive look at the developmental processes of the urinary system.

Takeaways

• 😀 The human urinary system consists of two kidneys, a bladder, and a urethra, working together to filter and expel urine.
• 😀 The kidneys are formed by renal tubes, which are the functional units of the kidneys, known as nephrons.
• 😀 The embryonic urinary system develops from the mesoderm, specifically the intermediate mesoderm.
• 😀 Three successive kidney systems evolve during embryonic development: pronephros, mesonephros, and metanephros.
• 😀 The pronephros is the most primitive system and is non-functional, degenerating by the 5th week of development.
• 😀 The mesonephros is temporarily functional but degenerates by the 10th week of development.
• 😀 The metanephros is the definitive, functional kidney that begins forming around the 5th week of development and becomes fully functional by the 9th week.
• 😀 Kidney formation involves the ureteric bud and metanephric mesenchyme, which develop into the renal pelvis, calyces, and collecting ducts.
• 😀 As the kidneys develop, they move from the pelvic region to the abdomen and rotate to their final position by the 9th week.
• 😀 The bladder develops from the cloaca, a structure that separates into the rectum and urogenital sinus, giving rise to the bladder and urethra.
• 😀 Congenital renal malformations include renal agenesis, polycystic kidney disease, and horseshoe kidney, each of which impacts kidney function and structure.

Q & A

What is the primary function of the human urinary system?

The primary function of the human urinary system is to filter blood, remove waste products, and produce urine. It consists of the kidneys, bladder, and urethra.

How are the kidneys structured and what is their functional unit?

The kidneys are structured with renal tubules and are composed of nephrons as their functional units. The nephron includes a vascularized region and is responsible for filtering blood and forming urine.

From which embryonic layer is the urogenital system derived?

The urogenital system is derived from the intermediate mesoderm, which forms key structures like the kidneys and reproductive organs.

What are the three successive kidney systems during embryonic development?

The three successive kidney systems are the pronephros, mesonephros, and metanephros. The pronephros is primitive and non-functional, while the mesonephros is temporary, and the metanephros forms the functional adult kidney.

At which stage of development do the kidneys become functional?

The kidneys become functional around the 9th week of embryonic development, when filtration in the glomerulus begins.

What is the significance of the cloaca in embryonic development?

The cloaca is a temporary structure in the embryo that gives rise to both the urogenital and gastrointestinal tracts. It eventually divides into the rectum and the urogenital sinus, contributing to the formation of the bladder and urethra.

How does the bladder form during embryonic development?

The bladder forms from a structure called the allantois, which enlarges and separates from the rectum. The bladder's epithelium is derived from the endoderm, and its muscle layers come from the mesoderm.

What is the role of the ureteric buds during kidney development?

The ureteric buds, originating from the metanephros, give rise to the renal pelvis, calyces, and collecting ducts in the kidney, while the metanephric mesoderm forms the nephrons.

What are some common renal malformations that can occur during embryonic development?

Common renal malformations include renal agenesis (absence of one or both kidneys), polycystic kidney disease (due to cyst formation in the nephrons), and horseshoe kidney (where the kidneys fuse during development).

What is the process of kidney migration during embryonic development?

As the embryo grows, the kidneys migrate from the pelvic region to their final position in the lumbar region. This migration is accompanied by a 90-degree rotation of the kidneys.