Pembagian Zona Maritim Part 2 | Landas Kontinen, Laut Lepas, Kawasan Dasar Laut

Summary

The transcript delves into the legal status of maritime territories, discussing the complexities of international maritime law, particularly the seabed areas beyond national jurisdiction. It covers the concept of maritime zones, such as territorial waters, exclusive economic zones (EEZ), and the high seas, along with the role of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) 1982 in regulating these areas. The speaker highlights the importance of sustainable management of seabed resources for the benefit of all humanity, emphasizing international cooperation and the responsibilities of the International Seabed Authority. The session ends with a reflective note on the speaker's role as a lecturer.

Takeaways

• 😀 The legal status of the seabed and its resources is governed by international law, specifically UNCLOS 1982.
• 😀 Seabed areas in international waters are not under the jurisdiction of any single country, but must be used for the benefit of all humanity.
• 😀 The International Seabed Authority (ISA) oversees the management of seabed resources, ensuring they are used equitably.
• 😀 Countries that are part of UNCLOS 1982 are automatically members of the International Seabed Authority.
• 😀 Maritime zones include internal waters, territorial seas, contiguous zones, exclusive economic zones (EEZ), continental shelves, and high seas.
• 😀 Coastal states have special rights over resources within their exclusive economic zones (EEZ), but cannot claim full sovereignty.
• 😀 The legal boundaries of each maritime zone help regulate the usage of ocean resources, from fishing to mineral extraction.
• 😀 The seabed and resources must be managed sustainably for the benefit of both current and future generations.
• 😀 Zones such as territorial seas and contiguous zones grant coastal states some level of jurisdiction for enforcement, but not full sovereignty.
• 😀 The lecturer encourages openness for feedback and clarifies any potential teaching mistakes, highlighting the human aspect of education.

Q & A

What is the significance of the concept 'territorial waters' in maritime law?

Territorial waters refer to the maritime area that is under the full sovereignty of a coastal state, extending up to 12 nautical miles from the baseline of the coast. This zone allows the state to exercise full control over activities such as navigation, resource exploitation, and enforcement of laws.

What does the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) entail for coastal states?

An Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) extends 200 nautical miles from a coastal state's baseline, granting the state special rights to exploit resources, such as fishing, mining, and energy production, within this zone. However, it does not grant full sovereignty like territorial waters.

How does the concept of the 'continental shelf' influence international maritime law?

The continental shelf is the extended portion of a coastal state’s territory submerged under the sea, usually extending beyond the EEZ. States have exclusive rights to explore and exploit natural resources on the continental shelf, but this does not extend sovereignty over the area.

What is the role of the International Seabed Authority (ISA)?

The International Seabed Authority (ISA) is an organization created under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) to manage and regulate the seabed areas beyond national jurisdiction. It ensures that the resources from these areas are used for the benefit of all humanity.

What is the legal status of the seabed areas beyond national jurisdiction?

Seabed areas beyond national jurisdiction are not under the sovereignty of any one state. They are considered to be the 'common heritage of mankind' and must be managed for the benefit of all, including future generations, as stated by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS).

What does 'freedom of the high seas' mean according to maritime law?

The 'freedom of the high seas' refers to the legal principle that allows all states to freely navigate and conduct activities like fishing and research on the high seas (areas beyond national jurisdiction), subject to international law and regulations.

What are the differences between territorial waters and the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)?

Territorial waters are under the full sovereignty of the coastal state, extending up to 12 nautical miles from the baseline, whereas the EEZ extends up to 200 nautical miles and grants the coastal state exclusive rights to exploit marine resources. However, the EEZ does not give full sovereignty over the waters.

How do coastal states exercise jurisdiction over the contiguous zone?

Coastal states have limited jurisdiction over the contiguous zone, which extends 24 nautical miles from the baseline. This area allows states to enforce laws related to customs, immigration, and pollution control, but it does not grant full sovereignty over the waters or resources.

What is the 'common heritage of mankind' concept in maritime law?

The 'common heritage of mankind' is a principle established under UNCLOS, which asserts that certain areas, such as the international seabed, belong to all humanity. These areas and their resources must be used and protected for the benefit of all people, both present and future generations.

What is the significance of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) in regulating maritime zones?

UNCLOS is a comprehensive international treaty that establishes the legal framework for the use and management of the world's oceans. It defines maritime zones like territorial waters, EEZs, and the high seas, and sets out the rights and responsibilities of states regarding marine resources and environmental protection.