सविंधान सभा | samvidhan sabha in hindi | Indian polity | Study vines official |

Summary

This video provides an in-depth overview of the development and history of the Indian Constitution. It covers its evolution from the Regulating Act of 1773 to the formation of the Constitution Assembly in 1946, highlighting key milestones like the 1935 Government of India Act and the Cabinet Mission. The video also discusses the formation of the Indian Constitution, the roles of key figures such as Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, and the significance of pivotal dates like 26th January 1950 when the Constitution was enacted. Essential details about the Constitution's adoption and the inaugural government ministers are also explored.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Indian Constitution is a crucial legal document that determines the political framework and structure of governance in India.
• 😀 The Indian Constitution's development can be traced back to the Regulating Act of 1773, followed by the Government of India Act of 1935, and later the Cabinet Mission of 1946.
• 😀 The Constitution was drafted by the Constituent Assembly, which had 389 members initially, consisting of representatives from British provinces and princely states.
• 😀 The first meeting of the Constituent Assembly was held on December 9, 1946, and the Muslim League boycotted it due to their demand for Pakistan.
• 😀 Dr. Sachidanand Sinha was appointed the temporary president of the Constituent Assembly, with Dr. Rajendra Prasad being selected as the permanent president later.
• 😀 The objective resolution, presented by Jawaharlal Nehru on December 13, 1946, set the groundwork for the Indian Constitution's framing.
• 😀 Dr. B.R. Ambedkar chaired the Drafting Committee responsible for formulating the Indian Constitution.
• 😀 The Indian Constitution was officially adopted on November 26, 1949, and came into effect on January 26, 1950, marking the Republic Day of India.
• 😀 The Constitution was created using a detailed study of various global constitutional practices, with Dr. Ambedkar carefully selecting the best elements.
• 😀 The Indian Constitution initially had 395 articles and 8 schedules; it now has over 450 articles and 12 schedules.
• 😀 The national flag (Tiranga) was adopted on July 22, 1947, and the national anthem, 'Jana Gana Mana,' was adopted on January 24, 1950.
• 😀 The first Cabinet of independent India was led by Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, with key ministers including Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel as Home Minister and Maulana Abul Kalam Azad as Education Minister.

Q & A

What is the Regulating Act of 1773, and how did it contribute to the development of the Indian Constitution?

The Regulating Act of 1773 was a significant law passed by the British government to regulate the affairs of the British East India Company. It marked the beginning of constitutional development in India as it laid the foundation for the establishment of a legal system, including the creation of the first Supreme Court in Calcutta. This was an important step toward the development of India's future Constitution.

How did the Government of India Act of 1935 influence the Indian Constitution?

The Government of India Act of 1935 played a crucial role in shaping the Indian Constitution. It provided a framework that included provisions for a federal structure, the establishment of a Reserve Bank of India, and the separation of powers between the center and provinces. Many aspects of the Act were carried forward into the Indian Constitution, including some features of governance and the administrative structure.

What was the significance of the Cabinet Mission of 1946 in the creation of the Indian Constitution?

The Cabinet Mission of 1946 was a pivotal moment in India's constitutional history. It led to the formation of the Constituent Assembly in July 1946, which was tasked with drafting the Indian Constitution. The mission's goal was to negotiate the terms of India's independence, and its outcome laid the groundwork for the country's future governance structure.

How many members were present in the Constituent Assembly of India, and how were they selected?

The Constituent Assembly of India initially had 389 members. These members were divided between the representatives from British provinces (292 members) and princely states (93 members). The selection process involved direct elections for British provinces and indirect elections for the princely states.

Who was the first President of the Constituent Assembly of India?

Dr. Sachidanand Sinha was elected as the first temporary president of the Constituent Assembly. Dr. Rajendra Prasad was later elected as the permanent president of the Assembly.

What is the Objective Resolution, and who presented it in the Constituent Assembly?

The Objective Resolution was a crucial document introduced by Jawaharlal Nehru on December 13, 1946, in the Constituent Assembly. It outlined the broad objectives for the Constitution and reflected the values and goals of the newly independent India. This resolution laid the foundation for the drafting of the Constitution.

Who was responsible for drafting the Indian Constitution, and what was their contribution?

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, the chairman of the Drafting Committee, was primarily responsible for drafting the Indian Constitution. His efforts were crucial in incorporating democratic principles, ensuring social justice, and establishing fundamental rights for citizens, which shaped the framework of India's Constitution.

When was the Indian Constitution adopted, and when did it come into effect?

The Indian Constitution was adopted on November 26, 1949, by the Constituent Assembly. However, it came into effect on January 26, 1950, which is celebrated annually as Republic Day in India.

Why was January 26 chosen as the day to implement the Indian Constitution?

January 26 was chosen because, on that day in 1930, the Indian National Congress had declared the demand for full independence during its Lahore session. This historical significance made it a fitting day to implement the Constitution and declare India as a Republic.

What were some of the key committees in the Constituent Assembly, and who headed them?

Some of the key committees in the Constituent Assembly included: the Steering Committee (headed by Dr. Rajendra Prasad), the Drafting Committee (headed by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar), the Provincial Constitution Committee (headed by Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel), and the Flag Committee (headed by Dr. Rajendra Prasad). These committees played significant roles in shaping the structure and content of the Constitution.