Gramática de Língua Portuguesa II - Consideração sobre a noção de texto

Summary

This video lesson explores the evolving concept of 'text' in linguistics, examining it through three distinct phases. Initially, texts were viewed as finished products, defined by linguistic structure and coherence. The second phase shifts focus to text as a dynamic process of verbal activity, shaped by the speaker's intentions and context. In the final phase, text is seen as a social interaction, where meaning is co-constructed between speaker and listener. The lesson also presents key definitions of text, emphasizing both its formal structure and its role in communication. This analysis is framed by important theoretical works in the field of linguistics.

Takeaways

• 😀 The concept of 'text' in linguistics has evolved from a rigid, structured product to a dynamic, interactive process.
• 😀 Early studies viewed texts as structured, coherent sequences of linguistic elements, considering them as finished products.
• 😀 The first phase of textual studies focused on grammatical and linguistic structures, defining text as a complete entity.
• 😀 The second phase recognized textual production as an intentional verbal activity, emphasizing the subject's role in meaning-making.
• 😀 In the second phase, text became seen as a process involving the speaker's conscious intention and interaction with the audience.
• 😀 A key distinction is made between Anglo-Saxon textual analysis (focused on intentionality) and French discourse analysis (which avoids attributing subjectivity or intention).
• 😀 The third phase of textual studies introduced the idea of interaction, viewing texts as co-constructed between the speaker and the listener.
• 😀 Bakhtin’s theory highlights that language is inherently relational, with meaning emerging from the interaction between speaker and listener.
• 😀 Texts are no longer viewed as static products but as part of the broader communication process, including production and reception.
• 😀 Two definitions of 'text' were discussed: one sees it as a linguistic manifestation shaped by socio-cultural interaction, and the other views it as a process involving linguistic, cognitive, and pragmatic elements.

Q & A

What is the main objective of the video lesson?

The main objective is to define different scientific considerations about the concept of text and to establish relationships between the concepts of text and context.

What sources are referenced for the lesson content?

The lesson is based on the chapter 'Linguística Pessoal' from the book 'Introdução à Linguística: Domínios e Fronteiras', as well as the books 'Ler e Escrever: Estratégias de Produção Textual' by Coque and Elias and 'Gramática da Língua Portuguesa' by Vilela and Coco.

How is text defined in the first phase of study?

In the first phase, text is viewed as a finished product, often defined as a sequence of linguistically coherent units, such as complex propositions or grammatically organized linguistic structures.

What are the main characteristics of the first phase's view of text?

The first phase defines text as an entity with coherent linguistic sequences, focusing on its formal structure and material aspects, treating it as a finished product, often disregarding the production or reception contexts.

What shift occurs in the second phase of text studies?

In the second phase, there is a shift towards viewing text not just as a product, but as a process. It emphasizes the activity of verbal production, considering the intentions, conditions of production, and the interaction between the speaker and the listener.

How does the second phase of text theory differ from Anglo-Saxon studies?

The second phase aligns with Anglo-Saxon studies by emphasizing that textual production is a conscious, intentional verbal activity. It contrasts with French discourse analysis, which does not attribute a conscious subjectivity or intentionality in the same way.

What role does the speaker's intention play in the second phase of text production?

In the second phase, the speaker is seen as an active subject who consciously shapes the text, aware of the intentions behind their communication, with a clear understanding of the purpose, context, and effects they aim to achieve.

How does the concept of 'interaction' influence the understanding of text in the second phase?

The second phase emphasizes that text is created through interaction. According to Bakhtin, every word is influenced by both the speaker and the listener, making communication a mutual process that shapes the meaning and construction of the text.

What is Bakhtin's contribution to the study of text in the second phase?

Bakhtin's theory highlights that every word is inherently relational, shaped by the interaction between the speaker and the listener. This concept positions language as a 'territory' where meaning is co-constructed in dialogue.

What is the third definition of text provided in the lesson?

The third definition, attributed to Marcos, views text as a process, focusing on the linguistic and cognitive operations that regulate the production, construction, functioning, and reception of texts, whether oral or written.