Overview & History and Philosophy of Science |chapter1 sts ppt audio summary 20200915155136|InFlex

Summary

The video script addresses the decline in science and technology education interest, particularly among youth, and the gender gap in these fields. It emphasizes the importance of scientific literacy and the need for educational reforms to make subjects more engaging. The script also highlights policy developments focusing on safety and security through scientific advancements, and the role of science curricula in fostering interest and addressing social and political issues beyond technical expertise.

Takeaways

• 📉 Declining Interest: There is a noticeable decrease in the number of students choosing science, especially in the Philippines, where enrollment in science and technology studies is not developing as expected.
• 🚹 Problematic Gender Gap: The recruitment to science and technology studies has a problematic gender gap that needs addressing, with efforts needed to increase the share of young women in these fields.
• 🧠 Scientific Literacy: Public understanding of science and technology, including written, numerical, and digital literacy, is essential for a well-informed society.
• 🏫 Importance of Early Education: Interest in science, technology, and mathematics primarily develops during primary and secondary education, emphasizing the importance of early educational efforts.
• 🔬 Science and Technology Curriculum: Recent trends show a move towards core curriculum and national standards, with greater emphasis on science teaching at the primary level.
• 👩‍🔬👨‍🔬 Industry Needs Qualified Professionals: Modern industry, often referred to as knowledge industry, requires highly qualified scientists and engineers to remain competitive in the global economy.
• 🌐 Broad Public Understanding: A broad public understanding of science and technology is crucial as a democratic safeguard against scientism and the domination of experts.
• 🔧 Curriculum Reforms: Many countries have introduced reforms in science and technology education, focusing on content, pedagogies, teaching methods, and learning process organization.
• 🛡️ Safety and Security: Science and technology play a vital role in ensuring a safe and secure society, with policies promoting research and development in this area.
• 🌟 Nature of Science: The curriculum is evolving to include the nature of science, rejecting the stereotypical image of science as a simple search for objective truths.
• 💡 ICT as a Core Component: Information and communication technologies (ICT) are recognized both as subject matter and tools within the science and technology sector.

Q & A

What are the key features of science and technology in modern societies?

The key features of science and technology in modern societies include the encompassing nature of the topic, the interaction between science and technology, and the challenges and perspectives such as declining enrollment and the gender gap in the recruitment to science and technology studies.

Why is there a decrease in the number of students choosing science in many countries?

The decrease in the number of students choosing science is often due to a lack of interest that manifests at the school level, particularly at the age when curricular choices are made. This decline is seen as a social and political phenomenon that occurs in many highly industrialized countries.

What is scientific literacy and why is it important for education?

Scientific literacy encompasses written, numerical, and digital literacy as they pertain to understanding science, its methodology, observations, and theories. It is important for education because it helps to improve public interest in science and technology and to awaken the interest of young students.

How does the decline in recruitment to science and technology affect the industry?

The decline in recruitment affects the industry by creating a shortage of highly qualified scientists and engineers, which is crucial for the survival of the modern, high-tech, and competitive global economy.

What is the role of ICT in science and technology education?

Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) play a dual role in science and technology education: as subject matter and as tools that belong to the science and technology sector.

What are the recent trends in science teaching at the primary level?

Recent trends in science teaching at the primary level include the adoption of a core curriculum and national standards, which has led to greater emphasis on science education during the early informative years.

Why is there a need to increase the share of young women studying science and technology?

Increasing the share of young women studying science and technology is necessary to address the problematic gender gap and to ensure a more diverse and inclusive scientific community.

What are the essential concepts related to science and technology?

Essential concepts related to science and technology include the systematic way of acquiring knowledge through observation and experimentation (science) and the practical application of science to design products that improve the quality of human life (technology).

How can science curricula be improved to sustain and develop interest in science?

Science curricula can be improved by moving away from traditional and old-fashioned approaches, embracing the nature of science that rejects the stereotypical image of science as a search for objective and final truths, and incorporating information technologies.

What are the policy developments related to science and technology for society?

Policy developments related to science and technology for society focus on scientific and technological progress related to safety and security, the revival of local areas using science and technology, and intra-sector efforts to foster scientific and technological human resources.

Why is it important to promote research and development related to safety and security?

Promoting research and development related to safety and security is important to build a system that allows swift and flexible responses based on science and technology to sudden appearances of unknown risks, contributing to a safe and secure society.

Outlines

00:00

📚 Declining Interest in Science and Technology Education

The first paragraph discusses the challenges faced by science and technology education in modern societies. It highlights the falling enrollment in science and technology studies and the increasing gender gap, suggesting that the decline in interest often starts at the school level. The text points out that this is a widespread issue, not just confined to individual countries, and that the reasons for this decline may be rooted in youth culture and broader societal factors. The paragraph also emphasizes the importance of scientific literacy for public understanding and the role of education in fostering interest in these fields, particularly at the primary and secondary levels.

05:02

🛠️ Reforms and Policy Developments in Science and Technology Education

This paragraph examines various responses to the challenges in science and technology education, including reforms in curriculum content, pedagogies, and learning processes. It mentions new policy developments aimed at enhancing safety and security through scientific and technological progress. The paragraph outlines three key areas of focus: promotion of research and development related to safety and security, assurance of diversified science and technology to address unknown risks, and fostering scientific and technological human resources. It also touches on the essential concepts of science and technology, their impact on society, and the need for a broad public understanding to counteract the dominance of experts.

10:04

🌐 Information and Communication Technologies in Science Education

The third paragraph delves into the role of information and communication technologies (ICT) as both subject matter and tools within the science and technology sector. It discusses the development of new policies that leverage science and technology to address safety and security issues, such as sensor systems for detecting threats and information security for safe internet use. The paragraph also highlights the importance of promoting research and development in safety and security, as well as fostering human resources in the information security sector. The text underscores the significance of ICT in modern society and the need for educational curricula to adapt to these technological advancements.

Keywords

💡Science and Technology

Science and technology are two interrelated fields that drive modern societies. Science is the systematic pursuit of knowledge through observation and experimentation, while technology is the practical application of scientific knowledge to design products and processes that improve the quality of life. In the video, these concepts are central to the discussion of education, policy, and societal impacts, illustrating the importance of their integration in modern life.

💡Scientific Literacy

Scientific literacy refers to the understanding of science, its methodology, observations, and theories. It is a key component in the script, emphasizing the need for public understanding to be improved through education. The video suggests that scientific literacy includes not only knowledge but also the ability to critically assess scientific claims, which is crucial for informed decision-making in a technologically advanced society.

💡Gender Gap

The gender gap in the script refers to the disparity in the number of male and female students choosing to study science and technology. The video highlights this as a problematic issue that needs to be addressed, as it affects the diversity and inclusivity within the fields of science and technology. The Netherlands is mentioned as an example of a country actively working to resolve this issue.

💡Education

Education is a central theme in the video, focusing on how it shapes interest in science and technology from an early age. The script emphasizes the importance of primary and secondary education in developing a foundation for scientific and technological understanding. It also discusses the need for reforms in curriculum content, teaching methods, and the inclusion of technology education alongside traditional science.

💡Policy Developments

Policy developments mentioned in the script relate to new initiatives and strategies aimed at integrating science and technology into societal structures for safety and security. The video discusses the promotion of research and development, assurance of diversified technology, and fostering scientific and technological human resources as key policy areas.

💡Curriculum Reforms

Curriculum reforms are changes made to educational programs to better meet the needs of students and society. The script discusses the need for such reforms in the context of science and technology education, suggesting that traditional curricula are often criticized for being outdated and not engaging enough for students. Reforms are aimed at making science education more relevant and interesting.

💡Safety and Security

Safety and security are highlighted in the script as areas where scientific and technological progress can have a significant impact. The video mentions the development of sensor systems for detecting threats and information security technology as examples of how science and technology contribute to creating a safer society.

💡Scientific Methodology

The scientific methodology is the process used by scientists to investigate the natural world. It involves making observations, forming hypotheses, conducting experiments, and analyzing data. The script emphasizes the importance of understanding this process as part of scientific literacy, which is essential for evaluating scientific claims and theories.

💡Youth Culture

Youth culture is mentioned in the script as a factor influencing the decline in recruitment to science and technology studies. It suggests that the attitudes and interests of young people, shaped by their cultural environment, play a role in their engagement with scientific pursuits. Understanding youth culture is crucial for developing educational strategies that resonate with younger generations.

💡High-Tech Industry

The high-tech industry is characterized by its reliance on advanced technology and scientific innovation. The script points out that this industry requires highly qualified scientists and engineers to remain competitive in the global economy. It underscores the importance of science and technology education in preparing individuals for careers in these fields.

💡Democratic Safeguard

A democratic safeguard in the context of the script refers to the role of public understanding in ensuring that decisions related to science and technology are made transparently and inclusively. The video argues against leaving such decisions solely to experts, suggesting that a broad public understanding can counteract the potential for 'scientism' or the domination of experts.

Highlights

Science and technology are integral to modern societies, with interactions between the two shaping various aspects of life.

There is a noted decline in student enrollment in science and technology studies, including in the Philippines.

The decrease in interest in science often begins at the school level, impacting curricular choices.

The gender gap in science and technology fields is a significant issue that needs addressing.

The decline in recruitment to science and technology studies is a widespread social and political phenomenon.

Scientific literacy includes written, numerical, and digital literacy relevant to understanding science.

Education is key to improving public interest in science and technology and enhancing civic scientific literacy.

Interest in science, technology, and mathematics primarily develops during primary and secondary education.

Recent educational reforms have placed greater emphasis on science teaching at the primary level.

Efforts are needed to encourage more young women to pursue science and technology education.

Science education aims to share scientific content and processes with those not traditionally part of the scientific community.

Many countries have introduced reforms to address the challenges in science and technology education.

New policy developments focus on scientific and technological progress related to safety and security.

The traditional values of science are objectivity, neutrality, disinterestedness, and rationality.

Modern industry, often termed knowledge industry, requires highly qualified individuals in science and technology.

A broad public understanding of science and technology is crucial for democratic safeguards against scientism.

Critiques of traditional science curricula suggest they are often outdated and authoritative.

The nature of science has become a significant concern in curriculum development, moving away from the search for objective truths.

Information and communication technologies (ICT) are both subjects of study and tools within the science and technology sector.

New policies aim to use science and technology to resolve safety and security issues, such as sensor systems for threat detection.

Research and development in safety and security are promoted to build systems for swift and flexible responses to unknown risks.

The Ministry of Science, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology has programs to foster human resources in the information security sector.

Transcripts

[Music]

science

technology and society

learning objectives one explain key

features of science and technology in

modern societies too

discuss about educating for science and

technology

three understand new policy developments

related to science and technology for

society

we have the key features of science and

technology in modern societies

the science and technology is a topic

that encompasses science

technology and the interactions between

the two

challenges and perspectives falling

enrollment

increasing gender gap the recruitment to

science and technology

studies is falling or at least not

developing as fast as expected or

planned for

this lack of interest in science often

manifests itself at school level at the

age where curricular choices are made

in many countries there is noticeable

decrease in the numbers of students

choosing the sciences

even in our country philippines

disenchantment with science and

technology it is not easy to understand

what causes the difficult situation for

the recruitment

of science and technology the

problematic gender gap etc

reasons for the doubting and the

satisfaction with science and technology

have to be found in the youth culture

and in society at large

the decline in recruitment must be

understood as a social and political

phenomenon that occurs in many but not

all highly industrialized countries

this means that the current situation

can hardly be explained fully by events

or reforms in each individual country

one should seek for more general and

common trends found in different

countries public

[Music]

click understanding of science and

technology scientific literacy

encompasses

written numerical and digital literacy

as they pertain to understanding science

its methodology observations and

theories

educating for science and technology if

public interest in science and

technology and civic scientific literacy

are to be improved

the main effort must be made in the area

of education

comparative surveys clearly indicate

that interest in science

technology and mathematics essentially

develops at the primary and secondary

levels of education

later learning is important but it is

very difficult to fill the gaps left in

early years

the problem is how to teach these

subjects so as to awaken the interest of

young students

young people often complain that the

subjects are boring irrelevant to

real life and difficult

[Music]

with the recent move in many countries

towards adopting a core curriculum and

national

standards science teaching has taken on

greater emphasis at the primary level

although the same cannot be said for

technology

if these trends continue and are acted

on children now in primary schools can

be expected to have a more systematic

and significant introduction to these

fields during their early informative

years

efforts are also needed to increase the

share of young women studying science

and technology throughout their

educational careers

a problem that the netherlands for

example has sought to address

science and technology in school science

education is the field concerned with

sharing science content and process with

individuals not traditionally considered

part of the scientific community

[Music]

science and technology in schools recent

trends and responses the challenges for

science and technology

education outlined in this document have

been met in different ways

many countries have introduced more or

less radical reforms

and there has been support to curriculum

development and experiments

reforms are related to the content and

framing of the curriculum as well as to

pedagogies

teaching methods and organization of the

learning processes

new policy developments related to

science and technology for society one

scientific and technological progress

related to safety and security

to strengthening science and technology

for realization of a safe and secure

society

three strengthening science and

technology for realization of a safe and

secure society

strengthening science and technology for

realization of a safe and secure society

one promotion of research and

development related to safety and

security

two assurance of diversified science and

technology enabling flexible responses

to unknown risks

3. fostering scientific and

technological human resources in support

of a safe and secure society

[Music]

essential concepts one science is the

systematic way of acquiring knowledge

through

observation and experimentation whereas

technology is the practical application

of science

technology is used to design products

that improve the quality of human life

2 scientific and technological knowledge

skills and artifacts

invade all realms of life in our modern

society the workplace and the public

sphere is increasingly dependent on new

as well as the more established

technologies

three problematic values and ethos of

science the traditional values of

science are meant to safeguard

objectivity

neutrality disinterestedness and

rationality

4 the scientists produce progressive

knowledge and fought superstition and

ignorance

the engineers developed new technologies

and products that improved the quality

of life

[Music]

5 a policy based on this perspective

could even further decrease the

proportion of young people who find

science and technology interesting and

who would choose to continue with

science and technology

6 industry needs people with high

qualifications

in science and technology modern

industry is high-tech and often called

knowledge

industry this industry is in need for

highly qualified scientists and

engineers to survive in a competitive

global economy

7. social and political issues should

not be seen as technical and left in the

hands of the expert

a broad public understanding of science

and technology may in fact be a

democratic safeguard against scientism

and a domination of experts

eight science curricula are key factors

to sustain and develop the interest in

science

there seems to be a broad agreement

about the critique of the old curricula

still the dominating in most countries

nine science education in most countries

is criticized for being traditional and

rather old-fashioned

the implicit image of science is that it

is mainly a massive body of

authoritative and unquestionable

knowledge

10 a general trend is that there seems

to be less influence from the

traditional academic organization of

curricula

and contents

[Music]

11 the nature of science that nature of

science

has become an important concern in the

curriculum

this often means a rejection of the

often stereotypical image of science as

a simple search for objective and final

truths based on unproblematic

observations 12 information technologies

as subject matter and as tools

information and communication

technologies ict

are products that by their definition

belong to the science and technology

sector

[Music]

13 the development of new policies

related to science and technology for

society

using the three themes of scientific and

technological progress related to safety

and security revival of local areas

using science and technology

and intra-sector efforts 14

realization of sensor systems for

detection of dangerous substances or

threats

and information security technology for

safe utilization of the internet

are just a few of the many examples of

science and technology contributing

greatly to resolution of safety or

security related problems

[Music]

15 in order for science and technology

to contribute firmly to a safe and

secure society

it is important to promote research and

development into solutions to safety and

security related problems and to build a

system that will allow swift and

flexible responses based on science and

technology to the sudden appearance of

unknown risks

16 technology provided by the ministry

of science

culture sports science and technology

and information

security project was instituted as a

foundation software

sector in the new sector human resource

fostering program for the purpose of

fostering human resources for the

personnel short information security

sector

essential concept

[Music]

you