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Summary

Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer globally and has the second-highest mortality rate in Indonesia. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, responsible for about 95% of cases, is sexually transmitted and can lead to abnormal cell growth that may progress to cancer. Risk factors include smoking, a weakened immune system, other sexually transmitted infections like HIV, early sexual activity, and multiple partners. Symptoms include abnormal bleeding, unusual discharge, pelvic pain, and unexplained weight loss. Prevention involves HPV vaccination and regular screenings, including Pap smear tests. Early detection and treatment, such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, can effectively manage the disease.

Takeaways

• 😀 Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer globally and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in Indonesia.
• 😀 Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is responsible for approximately 95% of cervical cancer cases.
• 😀 Persistent HPV infections can lead to abnormal cell development, which can eventually result in cervical cancer.
• 😀 Risk factors for cervical cancer include smoking, weakened immune systems, other sexually transmitted infections like HIV, early sexual activity, and multiple sexual partners.
• 😀 Symptoms of cervical cancer may include abnormal bleeding (especially after intercourse or menopause), unusual discharge, pelvic pain, pain during intercourse, unexplained weight loss, and persistent fatigue.
• 😀 Diagnosis of cervical cancer can be done through Pap smears, HPV tests, and biopsies.
• 😀 Pap smear tests involve collecting cells from the cervix for microscopic examination.
• 😀 HPV tests can detect the presence of the virus in the cervix, and biopsies are used to collect tissue for further examination in a laboratory.
• 😀 Cervical cancer progresses through various stages, starting from localized growth in Stage 1 to spreading to other organs in Stage 4.
• 😀 Treatment options for cervical cancer include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and lesion treatments like cryotherapy and electrocautery.
• 😀 Prevention of cervical cancer involves HPV vaccination, regular Pap smear screenings starting at age 30, and practicing safe sex with condom use.

Q & A

What is cervical cancer, and how common is it globally?

Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer globally and has the second-highest death rate in Indonesia.

What is the primary cause of cervical cancer?

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is responsible for about 95% of cervical cancer cases. Persistent HPV infection can cause abnormal cell growth, which can lead to cancer.

What are the risk factors for cervical cancer?

Risk factors for cervical cancer include smoking, a weakened immune system, other sexually transmitted diseases like HIV, early sexual activity, and having multiple sexual partners.

What are the common symptoms of cervical cancer?

Common symptoms include abnormal bleeding (especially after sex, menstruation, or menopause), foul-smelling or blood-tinged vaginal discharge, unusual pelvic pain, pain during intercourse, unexplained weight loss, and persistent fatigue.

How is cervical cancer diagnosed?

Cervical cancer can be diagnosed through a Pap smear test, an HPV test, or a biopsy. These tests involve taking samples from the cervix to examine under a microscope or to detect HPV presence.

What is the Pap smear test, and how does it work?

The Pap smear test involves collecting cells from the cervix to check for abnormalities. It is a key screening tool for detecting early signs of cervical cancer.

What are the stages of cervical cancer?

Cervical cancer stages range from Stage 1A (cancer confined to the cervix) to Stage 4B (cancer has spread to distant organs). Staging helps determine the extent of cancer spread and treatment options.

What treatments are available for precancerous cervical lesions?

Treatments for precancerous lesions include procedures like colposcopy (visual examination), cryotherapy (freezing abnormal cells), thermal ablation (burning abnormal cells), or loop electrosurgical excision (LEEP) to remove abnormal tissue.

What are the main treatment options for cervical cancer?

Treatment for cervical cancer includes surgery to remove abnormal tissue, chemotherapy to kill cancer cells, and radiation therapy to destroy cancer cells with radiation.

How can cervical cancer be prevented?

Cervical cancer prevention includes HPV vaccination, routine Pap smear screenings every 5 to 10 years after the age of 30, and practicing safe sex, such as using condoms.