Kekebalan di Dapatkan / acquired immunity (Sistem Imunitas)

wety yuningsih
14 Apr 202110:09

Summary

TLDRThis educational video delves into adaptive immunity, explaining the roles of B and T lymphocytes in immune responses. B cells produce antibodies that neutralize pathogens in the humoral response, while T cells destroy infected cells through cell-mediated immunity. The video covers both primary and secondary immune responses, illustrating how memory cells enhance defense upon re-infection. It also details the types of T cells—memory, helper, cytotoxic, and suppressor—and their respective functions in regulating immune reactions. A comprehensive guide to understanding how the body defends itself from specific pathogens with long-lasting immunity.

Takeaways

  • 😀 Adaptive immunity involves the body's response to specific antigens, which occurs slowly but is more effective and long-lasting compared to the innate immune response.
  • 😀 B lymphocytes (B cells) play a critical role in humoral immunity by producing antibodies to fight infections.
  • 😀 T lymphocytes (T cells) are key players in cell-mediated immunity, targeting and destroying infected cells directly.
  • 😀 B cells are divided into three types: plasma cells (produce antibodies), memory B cells (store information about past infections), and dividing B cells (increase the number of B cells).
  • 😀 The humoral immune response begins with the activation of B cells, which then produce antibodies to neutralize pathogens.
  • 😀 T helper cells activate B cells and other T cells to enhance the immune response against infections.
  • 😀 Cytotoxic T cells destroy infected cells by inducing apoptosis, which is programmed cell death.
  • 😀 Memory B and T cells 'remember' specific pathogens, allowing for a faster and stronger immune response upon subsequent infections.
  • 😀 The primary immune response involves the initial activation of B and T cells to fight off a pathogen, while the secondary response is faster due to the memory cells.
  • 😀 Cell-mediated immunity involves T cells, which destroy infected cells directly, without producing antibodies.
  • 😀 The process of antigen presentation involves phagocytosis of pathogens, followed by the display of their fragments on the surface of phagocytes for recognition by T cells.

Q & A

  • What is adaptive immunity, and how is it different from other types of immunity?

    -Adaptive immunity is a type of immunity that develops after the body recognizes a specific antigen. It is a slower response compared to innate immunity and involves a specific immune response mediated by B and T lymphocytes. Unlike innate immunity, which provides immediate but nonspecific defense, adaptive immunity is more targeted and involves the creation of antibodies and memory cells.

  • What are the key components of adaptive immunity?

    -The key components of adaptive immunity are B lymphocytes, which mediate humoral immunity through antibody production, and T lymphocytes, which mediate cell-mediated immunity by destroying infected cells and regulating immune responses.

  • How do B cells contribute to humoral immunity?

    -B cells contribute to humoral immunity by recognizing antigens and producing antibodies. Once a B cell encounters an antigen, it divides and differentiates into plasma cells that secrete antibodies, which help neutralize the pathogen.

  • What is the difference between B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes?

    -B lymphocytes are responsible for humoral immunity, producing antibodies to fight infections, while T lymphocytes are involved in cell-mediated immunity. T cells can destroy infected cells directly (cytotoxic T cells) or help regulate the immune response (helper T cells).

  • What are the different types of B cells and their functions?

    -There are three types of B cells: plasma B cells, which produce antibodies; memory B cells, which retain information about past infections and respond quickly to future exposures; and B cell precursors, which help increase the number of B cells through division.

  • What is the primary difference between primary and secondary immune responses?

    -The primary immune response occurs when the body first encounters an antigen, and B cells and T cells are activated to fight the infection. The secondary immune response happens when the body encounters the same antigen again, and memory cells quickly activate to produce a more rapid and efficient immune response.

  • How do T cells participate in cell-mediated immunity?

    -T cells play a central role in cell-mediated immunity by identifying and destroying infected cells. Cytotoxic T cells recognize infected cells and induce apoptosis, while helper T cells aid in activating B cells and cytotoxic T cells.

  • What is the role of helper T cells in the immune response?

    -Helper T cells play a crucial role in coordinating the immune response. They activate B cells to produce antibodies and also stimulate cytotoxic T cells to destroy infected cells. Helper T cells are essential for both humoral and cell-mediated immunity.

  • What is the function of memory T cells?

    -Memory T cells are programmed to remember specific antigens. They persist in the body after an infection and provide faster and more effective responses if the same antigen is encountered again.

  • What is the difference between humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity?

    -Humoral immunity involves the production of antibodies by B cells to neutralize pathogens, while cell-mediated immunity involves T cells that directly attack infected cells. Humoral immunity is primarily focused on pathogens circulating in the body, while cell-mediated immunity targets infected cells.

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Related Tags
ImmunityB LymphocytesT LymphocytesHumoral ImmunityCell-Mediated ImmunityImmune SystemAntibodiesHealth EducationBiology LessonInfection Defense