✅Humanismo – Principais Características - Escola literária I Profª Aline

Summary

In this video, Professor Aline introduces the literary school of Humanism, a transitional period between the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. Humanism focused on anthropocentrism, rationalism, and the revival of classical ideas from Greece and Rome. The period emphasized the importance of human reason, scientific exploration, and the individual. The video explores key characteristics of Humanism, such as the development of court poetry, popular theater, and historical chronicles in literature. Notable authors of the time, including Gil Vicente and Francesco Petrarca, contributed to this shift in thought and expression.

Takeaways

• 😀 Humanism is a literary school that emerged as a transition between the Middle Ages and the Modern Age in Europe, occurring between the 14th and 15th centuries.
• 😀 The transition from theocratic thinking (theocentrism) to human-centered thinking (anthropocentrism) marks one of the key characteristics of Humanism.
• 😀 Rationalism, or the emphasis on human reason, becomes a central focus during the Humanism period, reflecting a shift towards understanding the human condition and the world.
• 😀 Humanism is characterized by a rise in scientific inquiry, emphasizing the importance of standardized methods to understand natural phenomena.
• 😀 There is a revival of classical antiquity during Humanism, with a focus on the cultures of Ancient Greece and Rome.
• 😀 Humanism emphasizes the value of the individual, highlighting human emotions, ideas, and achievements.
• 😀 Prominent Humanist authors include Gil Vicente, Fernão Lopes, Giovanni Boccaccio, and Francesco Petrarca.
• 😀 A notable literary form of Humanism is the 'Palace Poetry,' which was created in noble courts and reflected the customs and behaviors of the nobility.
• 😀 In 'Palace Poetry,' the music and text are distinct, with each text having its own rhythm and melody.
• 😀 Another literary form of Humanism is 'Popular Theatre,' which critiqued societal behavior, focusing on the flaws of the nobility, clergy, and common people.
• 😀 The 'Historical Chronicle' genre became prominent during Humanism, particularly to record and narrate significant historical events and heroic figures in Portugal.

Q & A

What is Humanism in literature?

Humanism is a literary movement that emerged as a transition between the Medieval Age and the Modern Age, occurring during the 14th and 15th centuries in Europe. It focuses on the human being, emphasizing human emotions, reason, and the study of human nature.

What is the historical context of Humanism?

Humanism occurred as a transition between the Medieval period (which was centered on theology) and the Renaissance, a time when intellectuals sought to revive the classical ideals of Ancient Greece and Rome.

What is the difference between Theocentrism and Anthropocentrism?

In Theocentrism, which was dominant in the Medieval period, God was considered the center of the universe. In contrast, Anthropocentrism, a key feature of Humanism, places the human being at the center of the universe, emphasizing human experience and reason.

What role does Rationalism play in Humanism?

Rationalism is one of the central characteristics of Humanism. It emphasizes the importance of reason in understanding the world, focusing on the development of human knowledge and the human mind's ability to comprehend reality.

How does Humanism relate to the rise of science?

Humanism values scientific inquiry and the use of standardized methods to understand natural phenomena. It helped pave the way for the scientific revolution by encouraging exploration of the world through observation and reason.

What is the significance of Classical Antiquity in Humanism?

Humanism places great importance on the revival of ideas from Ancient Greece and Rome, valuing their cultural achievements in art, literature, and philosophy. This influence is reflected in the works and ideas promoted by humanist thinkers.

Can you name some prominent authors of the Humanism movement?

Some key authors associated with Humanism include Gil Vicente, Fernão Lopes, Giovanni Boccaccio, and Francesco Petrarca.

What is the 'Poetry of the Court' in Humanism?

The 'Poetry of the Court' was a literary genre created within the royal palace, often by nobles for other nobles. It focused on depicting the customs and lifestyle of the court, with a clear distinction between the music and text of the poetry.

What is the significance of Popular Theater in Humanism?

Popular Theater in Humanism critiqued the behavior of various social classes, including the nobility, clergy, and the common people. It was a form of artistic expression aimed at addressing societal issues through dramatic performances.

What is the role of the Historical Chronicle in Humanism?

The Historical Chronicle was a literary genre that focused on recording the significant events of Portugal's history, often glorifying the nation's heroes and important figures. It was a way of preserving and narrating the nation's past.