SEJARAH TINGKATAN 5 : Bab 3 - Majlis Raja-Raja Melayu (Raja Berperlembagaan & Demokrasi Berparlimen)

Summary

In this video, the speaker provides an insightful overview of Malaysia's system of government, focusing on the history and evolution of the Council of Rulers (Majlis Raja-Raja). Starting with the establishment of the Durbar during British colonial rule, the speaker explores subsequent developments, including the Council of Sultans under the Malayan Union, and the reestablishment of royal powers in the Majlis Raja-Raja in 1948. The discussion also covers the role of non-royal figures as state leaders in certain regions. The speaker emphasizes the historical significance of these councils in shaping Malaysia's monarchy and governance.

Takeaways

• 😀 The history of the Malay Kings' powers and how they were gradually reduced during British colonization is discussed.
• 😀 The system of constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy is key to understanding Malaysia's governance.
• 😀 The Majlis Raja-Raja Melayu (Council of Malay Rulers) is a significant institution, gathering all Malay rulers to discuss governance and national issues.
• 😀 The Durbar, established in the early 20th century, was the first assembly of Malay rulers formed under British colonial rule to discuss administration issues.
• 😀 The British Residen and other officials attended Durbar meetings to address administration concerns alongside the Malay rulers.
• 😀 The Majlis Sultan-Sultan, a proposed council during the Malayan Union, was meant to discuss matters of religion and advise the British governor, but it was never realized due to the failure of the Malayan Union.
• 😀 The Majlis Raja-Raja Melayu was formally established after the creation of the Federation of Malaya (PTM) in 1948, restoring the powers of the Malay rulers.
• 😀 The Majlis Raja-Raja Melayu of 1948 was led solely by the Malay rulers, with no British officials involved, and the institution held the right to review laws made by the British.
• 😀 Following independence in 1957, the composition of the Majlis Raja-Raja Melayu expanded to include the Yang di-Pertuan Negeri (Heads of States) of states without sultans.
• 😀 The roles of the Yang di-Pertuan Negeri were defined to represent the role of a sultan in states without one, such as Penang, Melaka, Sabah, and Sarawak, but they do not participate in the selection of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong (King).

Q & A

What is the significance of the Majlis Raja-Raja Melayu in Malaysia?

The Majlis Raja-Raja Melayu, or Council of Malay Rulers, is a conference that brings together all the Malay rulers in Malaysia. It plays a key role in the governance and administration of the country, especially in matters related to the constitution and parliamentary democracy.

How did the concept of the Majlis Raja-Raja Melayu evolve throughout history?

The Majlis Raja-Raja Melayu evolved from the Durbar system, which was the first conference of rulers formed during British colonial rule. It later transformed into the Majlis Sultan-Sultan during the Malayan Union, but this never came to fruition. After the Federation of Malaya was established in 1948, the Majlis Raja-Raja Melayu was formed, and its powers were reinstated following the resistance to British rule. This council remains active today.

What was the role of the Durbar in Malaysia's history?

The Durbar was the first form of a royal conference in Malaysia, established during British rule. It gathered the rulers of the Federated Malay States to discuss administrative matters, primarily concerning the British colonial government. The Durbar represented the early attempts to involve the Malay rulers in governance under British supervision.

What led to the creation of the Majlis Sultan-Sultan?

The Majlis Sultan-Sultan was proposed during the establishment of the Malayan Union in 1946. Its purpose was to address issues related to religion and to advise the British governor. However, it was never implemented because the Malayan Union was quickly opposed by the Malays, leading to its collapse after just two years.

Why was the Majlis Raja-Raja Melayu re-established in 1948?

The Majlis Raja-Raja Melayu was re-established after the failure of the Malayan Union and the resistance of the Malay rulers. Following the formation of the Federation of Malaya in 1948, the British were compelled to restore the powers of the Malay rulers, resulting in the formation of a new Majlis Raja-Raja Melayu with more authority than before.

What were some of the key changes in the Majlis Raja-Raja Melayu after 1948?

After 1948, the Majlis Raja-Raja Melayu became more powerful. The British no longer chaired the council, and the rulers regained their authority. Additionally, the position of 'Penyimpan Mohor Besar Raja-Raja' was introduced, responsible for keeping the royal seal, symbolizing the rulers' powers.

What is the role of the Penyimpan Mohor Besar Raja-Raja?

The Penyimpan Mohor Besar Raja-Raja is the custodian of the royal seal, which represents the power and authority of the Malay rulers. This individual plays a critical role in ensuring the preservation and use of the royal seal in official matters. The custodian is seen during official ceremonies, typically three times a year.

What were the changes to the Majlis Raja-Raja Melayu after Malaysia's independence in 1957?

Following Malaysia's independence in 1957, the Majlis Raja-Raja Melayu remained largely unchanged in its function, though there were some adjustments in its membership. The Yang di-Pertuan Negeri (Head of State) for states without sultans, such as Penang and Malacca, were added to the council. However, they did not participate in the election of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong.

How did the formation of Malaysia in 1963 affect the Majlis Raja-Raja Melayu?

After Malaysia was formed in 1963, the Yang di-Pertuan Negeri of Sabah and Sarawak were included in the Majlis Raja-Raja Melayu. However, their involvement was limited, as they did not participate in the selection of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong or the Deputy Yang di-Pertuan Agong, which remained exclusive to the nine Malay rulers.

What is the function of the Majlis Raja-Raja Melayu today?

Today, the Majlis Raja-Raja Melayu continues to play a crucial role in Malaysia’s governance, particularly in constitutional and legal matters. It still serves as a forum for the nine Malay rulers and other heads of state to discuss issues that affect the nation, although the selection of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong remains a key responsibility of the council.