KWN 5

Summary

The script discusses the integration and disintegration of Indonesia as a nation in relation to religion. It clarifies that while Indonesia is a country where every citizen should ideally follow a religion due to the principle of 'Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa' from the Pancasila, it is not governed by a specific religion. The state respects and provides space for all religions to thrive, as evidenced by the existence of a Department of Religion that oversees religious activities and education. The script also touches on historical attempts to establish a state based on a single religion, which all failed, emphasizing the importance of understanding the nation's socio-political and socio-anthropological context in relation to religion.

Takeaways

• 📜 The script discusses the integration and disintegration of states, highlighting the importance of understanding the various factors that can lead to disintegration, such as ideological rebellions.
• 🏛 The Indonesian state is not a theocratic state, but it is based on the principle of 'Pancasila', which includes the belief in 'Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa' (One Supreme God).
• 🙏 Every citizen in Indonesia is expected to have a religion, but the state does not enforce adherence to a specific religion.
• 🏢 The Indonesian government has a Department of Religion that regulates religious activities and provides support for religious education, including but not limited to Islam, Catholicism, and Christianity.
• 🏫 There are state schools for different religions, indicating the state's recognition and support for various religious beliefs.
• 🌐 The script emphasizes the sociological understanding of Pancasila in relation to religion and society, stating that while Indonesian society is religious, the state governance is not based on a single religious doctrine.
• 📜 Historically, there have been movements to establish a state based on a particular religion or ideology, such as communism or an Islamic state, but all have failed, reinforcing the importance of Pancasila.
• 🗳️ The script mentions the 1955 Constituent Assembly where two main forces, Islamic parties and others, debated the inclusion of Jakarta Charter which demanded the implementation of Islamic law, but it was rejected in favor of maintaining Pancasila.
• 🤝 The state provides space for all religions to develop and practice freely, with regulations set by the Department of Religion to respect and celebrate major religious holidays.
• 🏛️ The Indonesian state's recognition of various religions and beliefs, including indigenous beliefs, is seen as a unique characteristic of the nation, rooted in Pancasila.
• 🌟 The script concludes by emphasizing the importance of respecting and valuing religion as desired by the national foundation, and its connection to politics, sociology, and anthropology, acknowledging the diverse beliefs of different ethnic groups.

Q & A

What is the main topic discussed in the script?

The main topic discussed in the script is the relationship between religion and the state in Indonesia, specifically whether Indonesia is a religious state and how it manages religious diversity.

What is Pancasila and how does it relate to the concept of a religious state in Indonesia?

Pancasila is the philosophical foundation of the Indonesian state, with the first principle being 'Ketuhanan yang maha esa' or the belief in one supreme God. It suggests that every citizen should have a religion, but the state is not governed by a specific religion.

How does the script differentiate between a religious society and a religious state?

The script differentiates by stating that while Indonesian society is religious, meaning its people practice various faiths, the state itself is not governed by a single religious doctrine but rather provides space for all religions to develop.

What is the role of the Department of Religion in Indonesia?

The Department of Religion in Indonesia is responsible for managing religious affairs, including the organization of religious activities and education based on various faiths, not just Islam, but also Catholicism, Christianity, and others.

How does the script address the historical attempts to establish a state based on a specific religion or ideology?

The script mentions historical attempts such as the communist ideology and the movement for an Islamic State led by Kartosuwiryo, as well as the Aceh independence movement, all of which failed, emphasizing the importance of understanding the socio-political context.

What was the outcome of the constitutional debate in 1955 regarding the inclusion of Jakarta Charter in the preamble?

The Jakarta Charter, which called for the implementation of Islamic law for its adherents, was rejected in favor of maintaining the Pancasila without those seven words, ensuring that the state does not favor any particular religion.

How does the script describe the role of religion in the daily lives of Indonesian citizens?

The script describes that in Indonesia, there are regulations made by the Department of Religion that respect and allow for the celebration of major religious holidays from various faiths, such as Maulid Nabi, Christmas, and Nyepi in Bali.

What is the significance of the phrase 'Ketuhanan yang maha esa' in the context of the script?

The phrase 'Ketuhanan yang maha esa' signifies the belief in one supreme God and is the first principle of Pancasila. It is significant as it establishes the foundation for religious belief in the state without specifying a particular religion.

How does the script discuss the importance of understanding Pancasila from a sociological perspective?

The script emphasizes that Pancasila should be understood sociologically to appreciate its role in shaping the religious and social fabric of Indonesian society, acknowledging the diversity of religious beliefs and practices.

What does the script imply about the relationship between religion and politics in Indonesia?

The script implies that the relationship between religion and politics in Indonesia is complex and intertwined, with the state's recognition and support for various religious practices being a reflection of its political and socio-cultural values.

How does the script mention the recognition of local beliefs and practices?

The script mentions the recognition of local beliefs and practices through the existence of a directorate for the belief in the supreme God within the Department of Religion, acknowledging diverse spiritual practices such as 'tolotang' in the speaker's village.

Outlines

00:00

🏛️ Religion and State in Indonesia

The first paragraph discusses the relationship between religion and the state in Indonesia. It emphasizes that while Indonesia is a country where its citizens are expected to believe in a higher power due to the first principle of the national philosophy, Pancasila, it is not a theocratic state. The speaker clarifies that although the state is founded on the belief in 'Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa' (the One and Only Supreme God), it does not dictate a specific religion to its citizens. Instead, it provides a space for all religions to flourish, as evidenced by the existence of a Department of Religion that oversees religious activities and education, including but not limited to Islam, Catholicism, and Christianity. The paragraph also touches on historical attempts to establish a state based on a single religion or ideology, such as communism or an Islamic state, all of which have failed, highlighting the importance of understanding the sociological context of Indonesia's religious diversity and the role of Pancasila in fostering this diversity.

05:02

📜 The Pancasila and Religious Freedom

The second paragraph delves into the historical and political aspects of religious freedom in Indonesia, as guaranteed by the Pancasila. It recounts a specific event where political parties with an Islamic agenda sought to include the enforcement of Sharia law for its followers in the preamble of the constitution, which was ultimately rejected. The paragraph highlights the agreement that the Indonesian state, based on Pancasila, allows all religions to develop freely within the framework of certain regulations set by the Department of Religion. It also mentions the recognition of various religious holidays and practices across different faiths, such as Maulid Nabi, Natal (Christmas), and Nyepi in Bali, as a sign of the state's respect and accommodation for religious diversity. The speaker concludes by connecting the respect for religion to the broader fields of politics, sociology, and anthropology, acknowledging the unique beliefs and rituals of different ethnic groups and the state's role in acknowledging these within the overarching framework of Pancasila.

Keywords

💡Integration and Disintegration

Integration and disintegration refer to the processes of forming a unified whole or falling apart, respectively. In the context of the video, these concepts are used to discuss the various factors that can lead to the disintegration of a society or state, such as ideological rebellions. The script mentions that despite the time constraints, evidence has been presented to show how different elements can give rise to disintegration.

💡Indonesia

Indonesia is a Southeast Asian country and the largest archipelago in the world. The video discusses whether Indonesia is a religious state or not. It clarifies that while Indonesia is a nation where its citizens are expected to have a religion, it is not governed by a specific religion but rather by the principles of Pancasila.

💡Pancasila

Pancasila is the philosophical foundation of the Indonesian state, consisting of five principles. The first principle, 'Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa' or 'Belief in One Supreme God,' is highlighted in the video as the basis for the expectation that Indonesian citizens should have a religion. It is central to the discussion on the role of religion in the state and society.

💡Religion

Religion is a system of beliefs and practices often centered around the worship of deities. The video emphasizes that while every citizen in Indonesia is expected to have a religion, the state does not impose a specific religion on its people. Instead, it provides space for the development of various religious beliefs.

💡Department of Religion

The Department of Religion in Indonesia is a government institution responsible for managing religious affairs. The video mentions this department as an example of how the state acknowledges and values religion by organizing and funding religious activities and education, not just for Islam but also for other religions like Catholicism and Christianity.

💡Sociology

Sociology is the study of society, patterns of social relationships, social interaction, and culture. The video script suggests that Pancasila should be understood sociologically, relating to the religious and social fabric of Indonesian society, which is deeply religious but not governed by a single religious doctrine.

💡Ideological Movements

Ideological movements refer to groups or campaigns based on shared ideas or beliefs, often political in nature. The video mentions past movements such as communism and the establishment of an Islamic state, which aimed to base the state on a specific ideology or religion, but all of which failed, indicating the importance of understanding the diverse and inclusive nature of Indonesian society.

💡Constitutional Assembly

The Constitutional Assembly refers to the body responsible for drafting or amending a constitution. In the script, it is mentioned in the context of the 1955 elections and the debate over whether to include the Jakarta Charter, which would have made the implementation of Islamic law mandatory for its followers, a proposal that was ultimately rejected.

💡Sharia Law

Sharia Law is the religious law forming part of the Islamic tradition. The video discusses the debate over the inclusion of the Jakarta Charter, which would have made Sharia Law mandatory for Muslims in Indonesia. The rejection of this proposal highlights the state's commitment to not being governed by a single religious law.

💡Cultural Diversity

Cultural diversity refers to the variety of cultural expressions within a society. The video touches on the cultural and religious diversity of Indonesia, mentioning different religious celebrations and practices, such as Maulid Nabi, Christmas, and Nyepi, which are all respected and allowed by the state.

💡Anthropology

Anthropology is the study of human societies and cultures and their development. The video connects the discussion on religion and state to anthropology by mentioning that each ethnic group has its own beliefs and practices, such as 'tolotang' in the speaker's village, which is recognized by the Department of Religion as a belief in the Supreme God.

Highlights

The discussion revolves around integration and disintegration, with a focus on the Indonesian state's relationship with religion.

Indonesia is not a state governed by a specific religion but is a state where citizens should ideally practice a religion based on the Pancasila.

The first principle of Pancasila, 'Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa', implies that Indonesian citizens should have a belief in a supreme being.

Indonesian citizens have the freedom to choose their religion, but the state does not organize itself around a specific religion.

Indonesia has a Ministry of Religion that manages religious affairs and activities, showing respect for all religions.

The Ministry of Religion oversees not only Islamic education but also Catholic and Christian schools, indicating the state's support for various religious education.

The transcript emphasizes that Pancasila should be understood sociologically in relation to religion and society in Indonesia.

Indonesia is a religious society, but the state does not base its governance on a single religious doctrine.

There have been historical attempts to establish a state based on a single religion or ideology, such as communism or an Islamic state, but all have failed.

The transcript discusses the 1955 Constituent Assembly and the debate over the inclusion of Jakarta Charter, which was ultimately rejected.

The rejection of the Jakarta Charter highlights the Pancasila's stance on not enforcing a single religious law on all citizens.

Indonesia is characterized by a diversity of religions, all of which are given space to develop and practice freely.

The state acknowledges and respects the major religious holidays of each faith, such as Maulid Nabi, Christmas, and Nyepi in Bali.

Indonesia's recognition of various beliefs extends to indigenous beliefs, with a directorate for the belief in the supreme being within the Ministry of Religion.

The discussion underscores the importance of understanding the relationship between religion and state in Indonesia within the context of politics, sociology, and anthropology.

Each ethnic group has its own beliefs and rituals, which are recognized and respected by the state.

The transcript concludes by emphasizing the importance of Pancasila as the foundation of Indonesia's respect for and inclusion of all religions.

Transcripts

[Musik]

Oke kita sudah berbicara tentang

integrasi dan disintegrasi

Ya tentu saja karena waktunya singkat ya

Saya harap kalian juga mencari

tapi saya sudah menunjukkan

bukti-buktinya tadi ada macam-macam yang

bisa melahirkan disintegrasi dan

sebagainya ada macam-macam pemberontakan

ideologis dan sebagainya Nah sekarang

Bagaimana negara kita dalam kaitan

dengan agama

ada pertanyaannya kan begini

Apakah negara Indonesia itu negara agama

ya bukan negara Indonesia itu

negara di mana setiap warga negaranya

seharusnya bahkan harus beragama karena

apa dasar negara kita adalah negara

Pancasila

nah sila pertama dari Pancasila itu

ketuhanan yang maha esa dengan sila

pertama itu maka dengan Ketuhanan Yang

Maha Esa maka seharusnya kita beragama

kalau ada orang yang berkata bahwa saya

bertuhan tapi tidak beragama nah

pertanyaannya kan sederhana bagaimana

dia menyembah Tuhan karena menyembah

Tuhan itu kan ada ritual-ritualnya jadi

dalam negara Republik Indonesia dengan

dasar negaranya Pancasila

maka negara kita adalah negara beragama

dalam arti kata setiap warga negara

seharusnya beragama

tapi negara kita tidak diatur oleh agama

tertentu

berdasarkan undang-undang dasar kita

semua warga negara punya hak untuk

memilih agamanya sendiri tapi pertanda

bahwa kita menghargai agama kita punya

departemen agama yang mengatur

macam-macam hal yang berkaitan dengan

kegiatan keagamaan bahkan juga

pendidikan yang berdasarkan agama ada

bukan hanya Islam tapi juga ada Katolik

ada Kristen ada dan mereka ada sekolah

negerinya juga

artinya negara yang

mengatur dan memberikan

segala biayanya dan sebagainya Nah itu

ya memang secara

sosiologis kita tidak bisa tidak Oleh

karena itu Pancasila itu sebenarnya

harus dipahami juga secara sosiologis

dalam kaitan agama atau masyarakat kita

ini adalah masyarakat yang beragama tapi

negaranya bukan negara agama tapi ada

departemen agama yang memberikan

pertanda bahwa negara kita memberi

tempat yang khas dan sangat menghargai

posisi agama sebagai anutan dari

masyarakat

bangsa Indonesia

ini yang harus dipahami gitu memang

pernah ada yang mau mendirikan negara

berdasarkan agamanya dulu ada gerakan

ideologi komunis walaupun Bukan agama

tapi dia mendirikan ideologi lalu

kemudian ada gerakan Negara Islam

Kartosuwiryo kemudian Aceh merdeka dan

sebagainya tapi semuanya gagal jadi ini

harus dipahami secara sosiologis

masyarakat kita adalah masyarakat yang

beragama tetapi pengaturan kehidupan

kita dalam bernegara tidak diatur oleh

satu ajaran agama

tetapi agama semua agama di Indonesia

diberikan tempat untuk mengembangkan

diri menganut kepercayaannya sendiri

agamanya sendiri dan kita punya depa

agama itu kekhasan Indonesia

landasannya Pancasila sila pertamanya

Ketuhanan yang maha dan ini

memang terjadi pergumulan itu di dalam

konstituante hasil pemilu 55 misalnya

terjadi dua kekuatan utama

partai-partai Islam menghendaki Negara

Islam dengan meminta agar supaya Piagam

Jakarta dimasukkan di dalam Pembukaan

yaitu dengan kewajiban menjalankan

syariat Islam bagi pemeluk-pemeluknya

tujuh kata itu dimasukkan nah ditolak

oleh Pancasila yang Sebagaimana telah

dirumuskan tanpa 7 kata itu tapi

Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa

nah terjadi dua blok

dan akhirnya tidak mencapai kesepakatan

tapi

akhirnya tetap disepakati bahwa negara

kita yang berdasarkan Pancasila ini

memberi ruang kepada

semua agama untuk mengembangkan diri

tentu saja ada aturan-aturan

ya dibuat oleh Departemen Agama

ya kita misalnya

menghargai setiap agama hari besarnya

dirayakan

ya Maulid Nabi dirayakan

Natal dirayakan

segala macam agama yang itu tetap boleh

menjalankan

Nyepi misalnya di di

Bali dan segala macam Artinya apa itu

tandanya kita negara yang memberikan

ruang kepada setiap warga negara untuk

menganut agamanya masing-masing Artinya

kita menghargai agama

dan itu memang dikehendaki

oleh dasar negara kita

dan ini memang juga kaitannya dengan

masalah politik kaitannya dengan

sosiologi kaitannya dengan antropologi

setiap suku bangsa itu pada dasarnya

punya kepercayaannya sendiri kok

ada kepercayaan

di Suku bangsa masing-masing

di kampung saya ada namanya tolotang

dengan

ritual keagamaannya sendiri tapi itu

diakui sebagai sebuah kepercayaan

di departemen agama ada

Direktorat kepercayaan terhadap tuhan

yang maha esa ya seperti itu

oke itu tentang

kaitan agama dan negara

[Musik]

[Musik]