Kebijakan Moneter dan Kebijakan Fiskal EKONOMI kelas 11 kurikulum merdeka

Summary

This video discusses various aspects of government finance, including the division of tax responsibilities between the central and regional governments, the concept of budget deficits, and the mechanisms for creating and managing the regional government budget (APBD). Key points include the acceptance of budget deficits to stimulate economic growth, with a planned reduction of the deficit to below 3% by 2023. It also highlights the important role of the Ministry of Home Affairs in evaluating and managing the APBD, ensuring proper planning and fiscal stability at the regional level.

Takeaways

• 😀 Local taxes like the entertainment tax are allocated to local governments, while VAT and income tax are central government responsibilities.
• 😀 Motor vehicle taxes fall under local government jurisdiction, while property taxes are managed by the central government.
• 😀 A budget deficit occurs when government spending exceeds revenue, and it can be used as a tool to stimulate economic growth.
• 😀 Deficits are allowable under certain circumstances, such as addressing the impact of rising energy costs, as long as they are managed within a set framework.
• 😀 The Ministry of Finance aims to reduce the budget deficit to below 3% of GDP in 2023, targeting a range between 2.61% and 2.90% of GDP.
• 😀 The government must plan for budget deficits in accordance with Law No. 2 of 2020, which regulates the deficit limit until 2022.
• 😀 The function of the APBN (National Budget) is to maintain economic stability, but it must align with legal frameworks that control deficit levels.
• 😀 The Ministry of Finance is responsible for planning and managing national deficits, ensuring that they meet legal requirements.
• 😀 The preparation of APBD (Regional Budget) is an essential part of local economic management, and its accuracy impacts regional economic stability.
• 😀 The APBD is evaluated by the Ministry of Home Affairs (Mendagri), not the president. The ministry has the authority to approve or reject the proposed regional budget.

Q & A

What is the role of taxes in regional and central government budgets?

Taxes are categorized into regional and central taxes. For example, the regional government collects taxes related to property and motor vehicles, while central taxes include income tax and value-added tax (VAT). This distinction helps manage fiscal responsibilities across different levels of government.

What is a budget deficit, and when can a government use it?

A budget deficit occurs when government expenditures exceed its revenue. It is typically used as a fiscal tool to stimulate economic growth, especially during challenging times, such as increases in imports like oil or gas. A deficit can be part of a government’s strategy to manage economic crises.

How does the Indonesian government plan to manage its budget deficit in 2023?

The Indonesian government plans to manage its budget deficit by keeping it under 3% of GDP, with a target range between 2.61% and 2.90%. This is in line with the legal framework outlined in Law No. 2 of 2020, which allows deficits above 3% until 2022.

What legal framework guides the Indonesian government's fiscal policies, especially regarding budget deficits?

Indonesia’s fiscal policies, particularly related to budget deficits, are governed by Law No. 2 of 2020. This law provides guidelines for how large a deficit can be and sets limits on the deficit, allowing it to exceed 3% of GDP only under certain conditions, like during an economic crisis.

What is the function of the APBD (Regional Budget), and how is it managed?

The APBD is a regional budget that serves as a guideline for economic activities within a region. It is prepared and evaluated by the Ministry of Home Affairs (Mendagri). The budget must be well-prepared to maintain stability within the region's economy, with approval and oversight handled at the local level rather than by the President.

Can the President of Indonesia directly approve the regional budget (APBD)?

No, the President does not directly approve the regional budget (APBD). The APBD is evaluated and approved by the Ministry of Home Affairs (Mendagri) at the regional level. The President’s role in this process is not involved unless there is a larger issue requiring national oversight.

Why is the regional budget (APBD) not sent to the President for approval?

The APBD is not sent to the President because the process of managing regional budgets falls under the Ministry of Home Affairs (Mendagri). The President's role is more focused on national-level policies, while the regional budget is managed locally to address specific regional economic needs.

What assumptions must be in place for a government to use a budget deficit effectively?

For a government to use a budget deficit effectively, it must assume that the deficit will serve as a stimulus for economic growth, especially in situations like high oil or gas import costs. The deficit is a strategic tool to maintain economic stability and support critical sectors during tough financial times.

What is the significance of the range of 2.61% to 2.90% for the 2023 budget deficit in Indonesia?

The range of 2.61% to 2.90% represents the target for the Indonesian government's budget deficit in 2023. This is in line with the commitment to keep the deficit below 3% of GDP, ensuring that fiscal policies align with the guidelines set by Law No. 2 of 2020.

How does the government of Indonesia ensure the balance of the national economy through its fiscal policies?

The government of Indonesia ensures the balance of the national economy by carefully managing its fiscal policies, including controlling the budget deficit, preparing the APBD, and using taxes as a primary source of revenue. These efforts are designed to stabilize and stimulate the economy while maintaining the principles outlined in the legal framework.