Lec-2: Introduction to DBMS (Database Management System) With Real life examples | What is DBMS

Summary

This introductory lecture on Database Management Systems (DBMS) emphasizes its significance in competitive exams and the tech industry. It explains DBMS as a crucial tool for managing structured data through operations like insertion, deletion, and updating. The lecture introduces the concept of a database as a collection of related data and distinguishes between structured and unstructured data, highlighting the prevalence of structured data in systems like RDBMS. It also mentions various DBMS platforms like SQL Server and Oracle, underlining the importance of relational databases in storing and managing data efficiently.

Takeaways

• 📘 DBMS is crucial for competitive exams like GATE and UGC NET as well as for interviews in top companies.
• 🚀 The importance of DBMS has increased over the years, especially in the context of top companies relying heavily on databases.
• 🗃️ A database is defined as a collection of related data, which can be structured or unstructured.
• 🔍 Structured data is organized in a specific format, such as tables, and is commonly managed by RDBMS.
• 🏢 Examples of structured databases include those of Indian Railways, IRCTC, and university systems, which follow a particular structure.
• 📚 RDBMS is the most important type of DBMS for competitive exams, focusing on how to store and manage structured data in tables.
• 🛠️ DBMS provides a set of operations that facilitate user interaction with the database, such as insertion, deletion, and updating of data.
• 🌐 Users are not concerned with the physical location of the data; DBMS abstracts this away and allows for remote data manipulation.
• 🛑 Different companies have developed various DBMS platforms, such as Microsoft's SQL Server and Oracle's database systems.
• 📈 Despite the rise of unstructured data, structured data and RDBMS remain significant, especially in the context of competitive exams.
• 🔑 The script emphasizes the fundamental concepts of RDBMS, setting the stage for further detailed exploration in subsequent lectures.

Q & A

Why is DBMS considered important for competitive exams like GATE and UGC NET?

DBMS is important for competitive exams because it is a crucial subject for B.Tech and BCA students and is frequently asked about in interviews and exams due to its relevance in top companies' operations.

What is the significance of DBMS in the current job market?

DBMS is significant in the job market because most top companies, including major MNCs like Facebook, Google, and Amazon, rely heavily on databases, making knowledge of DBMS essential for many job roles.

What is the basic definition of a database according to the script?

A database is defined as a collection of related data, where the data is organized in a way that it is relevant to a specific context or organization, such as Indian Railways or Facebook.

What are the two main components of a database system?

The two main components of a database system are the database itself, which is the collection of data, and the DBMS, which is the system that manages the database.

What is the difference between structured and unstructured data?

Structured data is data that is stored in a specific format or structure, like a table with rows and columns. Unstructured data, on the other hand, does not have a predefined format and can include various types of data like photos, videos, and text without a specific organization.

Why is RDBMS preferred for managing structured data?

RDBMS, or Relational Database Management System, is preferred for managing structured data because it uses tables to organize data in a way that is easy to access, update, and manage, making it suitable for applications like IRCTC where data needs to be consistently structured.

What are the common operations performed on a database?

Common operations performed on a database include insertion (adding new data), deletion (removing data), and updating (modifying existing data).

How does DBMS facilitate user interaction with the database?

DBMS facilitates user interaction by providing a system of operations that allows users to easily perform tasks such as searching, updating, inserting, and deleting data, without needing to know the physical location of the data.

What are some examples of different DBMS created by various companies?

Examples of different DBMS created by various companies include Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle's different versions of SQL, MySQL, and IBM's DB2.

Why is the focus on structured data in the context of RDBMS?

The focus on structured data in the context of RDBMS is because it is the type of data that RDBMS is designed to manage effectively. Structured data is organized in a predefined format, typically in tables, which RDBMS can handle through its relational model.

What percentage of data on Earth is unstructured according to the script?

According to the script, approximately 90% of the data on Earth is unstructured.

Outlines

00:00

📚 Introduction to Database Management Systems

The first paragraph introduces the significance of Database Management Systems (DBMS) in the context of competitive exams like GATE and UGC NET, as well as its importance for students of B.Tech and BCA. It highlights the increasing relevance of DBMS in job interviews, especially in top companies like Facebook, Google, and Amazon, which rely heavily on databases. The paragraph defines a database as a collection of related data, distinguishing it from unstructured data and explaining the concept of structured data using examples like Indian Railways and IRCTC. It also introduces the term 'relational database management system' (RDBMS), which is the focus of the lecture series.

05:01

🛠 Operations and Management of Structured Data

This paragraph delves into the functionalities of a database management system, emphasizing its role in facilitating operations such as insertion, deletion, and updating of data. It clarifies that the location of the data is irrelevant to the user, who is only concerned with performing operations. The paragraph also discusses various DBMS platforms developed by companies like Microsoft and Oracle, and their versions. The focus is on structured data, which is stored in a table format, and the importance of RDBMS in managing this data is underscored. The paragraph also touches on the concept of relations in databases and how they are used in systems like IRCTC for storing and accessing data.

10:02

🌐 Structured vs. Unstructured Data and the Scope of RDBMS

The third paragraph provides a brief overview of unstructured data, which lacks a predefined format and includes media like photos and videos. It contrasts this with structured data, which is organized in a specific format, typically a table. The paragraph mentions that while most current technologies focus on unstructured data, structured data still holds significance. It acknowledges that 90% of the world's data is unstructured but emphasizes that RDBMS, the subject of the lecture series, is concerned with structured data. The paragraph concludes by stating that future videos will explore structured data and RDBMS in more depth.

Keywords

💡DBMS

DBMS stands for Database Management System. It is a software system that allows users to create, retrieve, update, and manage data efficiently. In the context of the video, DBMS is highlighted as a crucial subject for competitive exams like GATE and UGC NET, and for job interviews, especially in top companies that rely heavily on databases for their operations.

💡Database

A database is defined as a collection of related data. It is a structured way to store information that can be easily accessed, managed, and updated. In the video, databases are mentioned as essential for entities like Indian Railways and Facebook, which use them to store and manage vast amounts of data related to their operations.

💡Structured Data

Structured data refers to information that is organized in a specific format, making it easily searchable and analyzable. The video script mentions that structured data is typically stored in a relational database management system (RDBMS), which uses tables with rows and columns to organize the data, like in an Excel spreadsheet.

💡Unstructured Data

Unstructured data is data that does not have a pre-defined format or organization. It can include various types of content like text documents, images, videos, and audio files. The script points out that most of the data on the internet is unstructured and does not fit neatly into tables or other structured formats.

💡RDBMS

RDBMS stands for Relational Database Management System. It is a specific type of DBMS that stores data in a structured format using rows and columns in tables. The video emphasizes RDBMS as the focus of study for exams like GATE and UGC NET, as it is widely used in the industry for managing structured data.

💡Data Operations

Data operations encompass the various actions performed on data, such as insertion, deletion, and updating. The video script explains that a DBMS facilitates these operations, allowing users to manage data efficiently without worrying about the data's physical location.

💡MNC Companies

MNC stands for Multi-National Corporations, which are large companies that operate in multiple countries. The script mentions top MNC companies like Facebook, Google, and Amazon, emphasizing their reliance on databases and the importance of DBMS knowledge for job seekers.

💡IRCTC

IRCTC stands for Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation. In the video, IRCTC is used as an example of an organization that uses a database system to manage information about trains and passengers, illustrating the practical application of DBMS in real-world scenarios.

💡Competitive Exams

Competitive exams are tests that candidates take to secure positions in various sectors, including academia and the corporate world. The video script highlights the significance of DBMS knowledge for success in exams like GATE and UGC NET, which are gateways to higher studies and teaching positions.

💡Big Data

Big Data refers to the large volume of data, both structured and unstructured, that inundates a data system. The script briefly touches on big data and technologies like Hadoop, which are often used to manage and analyze unstructured data, indicating a shift towards handling large and complex data sets in the industry.

Highlights

DBMS is an important subject for competitive exams like GATE and UGC NET.

DBMS is crucial for B.Tech and BCA students and is an emerging subject.

Top companies like Facebook, Google, and Amazon rely heavily on databases.

DBMS is significant for interviews as companies focus on database knowledge.

A database system consists of a database and a DBMS.

A database is a collection of related data, such as Indian Railways or Facebook's data.

Data can be structured, semi-structured, or unstructured.

Structured data is organized in a specific format, like RDBMS.

RDBMS uses tables to store structured data, similar to Excel sheets.

DBMS facilitates operations like insertion, deletion, and updating of data.

Users are not concerned with the data's location, only with performing operations.

Different companies have created various DBMS, such as Microsoft's SQL Server and Oracle's versions.

RDBMS focuses on structured data stored in table format.

IRCTC's database system is an example of structured data in table format.

Unstructured data lacks a predefined format and includes photos, videos, and web pages.

90% of data on Earth is unstructured, but structured data remains relevant.

Technologies like big data and Hadoop are used for unstructured data.

Transcripts

Hello friends, welcome to Gate Smashers

today we are going to start with

the very first lecture of DBMS

i.e. database management system,

DBMS is a very important system

in terms of GATE exam, UGC NET exam

and other competitive exam.

Even if I say a simple thing,

in today's time for a B.tech student

and even BCA student,

DBMS is very important subject,

means you can also say that

it's very emerging subject,

means if I talk about 6-7 years ago from today,

then at that time less questions were

asked from DBMS in interviews,

but today's time Most of the questions

are being asked from the database.

The major reason for this is that

all the top companies,

the major MNC companies, which we call

Top Fifty Fortune Company like Facebook,

Google, Amazon,

So whatever major company are there,

All their work is going on on whom,

is running on the database.

All this company whose work is based on the database,

so obviously they will ask the question

from the database itself.

So that's why DBMS is a very important

subject even from the interview point of view.

so we are starting DBMS,

I am starting from the very initial level,

so first of all I have written here database system,

I am not talking about DBMS right now,

the first term I am talking about here Database system.

Database system, what is database system

as I just told about Facebook.

Even let's talk about India then Indian Railways,

if we talk about IRCTC,

then Indian Railways has its own database system,

Facebook has its own database system,

what Flipkart has, its own database system.

Now there are 2 terms in that database system,

one is database, one is DBMS,

which means database system is

comprised of two things,

one is database and another one is DBMS.

Now if I talk about database,

what is the database ?

It has absolutely simple definition,

database is a collection of related data.

here I am telling you in a very layman language

it is a collection of related data.

As the name suggests, database means

where a lot of data is collected.

But related data,

what is the meaning of related data

like we talk about Indian Railways,

IRCTC has its own database,

a very big database.

Now in that database, What will happen in that?

What happens when you log in, first of all,

like the information of the train,

means if you want to go somewhere,

then you are searching the information of the train in it.

Apart from that, what IRCTC will have,

information of the passenger,

which passengers,

Those who have ever traveled on a train

or are logged into IRCTC account.

Will they have the data of the people

from all over India.

No, what I am trying to tell you here,

that database is a collection of related data.

It is not that we club any data among themselves,

means Indian Railways cannot club the

data of Indian Passport with their data,

they have their own data base,

their own database of passport holders.

Indian railway people have their own data base,

that's why it is related data.

Now here I have further bifurcated it.

Generally database is structured & call it unstructured,

although generally it is three structured,

semi structured and unstructured.

But actually if we talk about DBMS,

then today's time, It doesn't come in so

much details in gate or UGC NET,

but you should know about

what is structured data and unstructured data.

What is structured data, such database

which I can store in any particular shape or

in a particular structure.

And unstructured means which has no

particular structure like I have written

a simple example here,

Indian railways data or university data.

Now university data or railways data,

Why it is structured because there is

a particular structure for them.

Which structures, the most important

structures are used for structured data base

that is RDBMS

(Relational database management system)

Now I am coming here on this term

database management system.

Now we are talking about that we saved the data

means I have a lot of data,

I saved the data in the backend,

in hard drives, on the servers.

Now What to do with that data,

obvouisly users will search that data,

user want to access the data,

Now they will do some updates in the data,

will insert some new data,

will delete some old data,

means they have to perform what

operation on an average,

have to do insertion means,

some data has to be added,

have to do deletion means some data has to be deleted,

have to update. Update means some old data,

like address, address of a student

was something else,

has updated means it has changed.

so we call all these things operations,

Operations

now I should have some system to

perform all these operation,

so that system we called

database management system.

So data base management system has

collection of operations

which provides easiness to the users,

so that the users can easily perform

the operations in the database,

which operations, insertion, deletion, updation

Now where can be the data,

the data may be in the remote area,

that means for example

if I am sitting in Delhi

and where is my data stored, in Mumbai.

So the data, I have nothing to do with the location,

I have to access the data

and make some changes in that data.

Means we access the data of IRCTC,

we do some reservation of train.

So we know where that data is stored, no.

Because users have nothing to do with it,

they just have to perform their operations.

And the DBMS helps them to

perform those operations.

Now DBMS also we have various,

different- different companies have been

created different-different database management system

like, if I tell a simple example, Microsoft,

Microsoft corporation has made SQL server,

Oracle people have also made different

versions of SQL server 2005, 2008, 2010,

2016, various different version,

same oracle has 2009, 2011, 2012 C, 2016,

different versions, similarly with my SQL,

its belongs to Oracle and DB2,

its DBMS of IBM to manage the data,

Now here we are talking about structured data,

I am only focusing only on structured data

out of this whole

because what I told, structured data is

such data Which has proper structure to store the data

and that structure is relation.

Relation means table,

means we stored structured data

in which format,

in table format. Table means,

even if you do not know about it,

no problem,

I am explaining it in a very simple point of view,

means if you have seen the excel file,

there are columns amd rows,

you can compare that with it.

Means what is a table,

in which there are some columns

and different different rows.

Now technically we call this table, relation.

But what is my point is that

how we store data structure data

can also have different ways

but the most useable method is relation,

means how to store data in relation form,

in table form.

Now when I am storing the data in the form of relation

then obviously I also need some management system,

i need some platform

which support the relation.

Means whenever the user access the data,

it show the relation.

whenever users store data,

it goes and store the data in the relation,

like IRCTC.

Now if you remember that

you have ever logged in to IRCTC,

then you first check it,

when you enter the source and destination,

then you will get the information of all the trains,

And it comes in which format,

it comes in the table format,

in which first column is train number,

train name

& also different like number of compartment,

apartments, type of seats, departure time,

departure date, different databases have their own columns.

we're not talking about that right now.

We are talking in simple format,

whom I am talking about here,

only structured data. Because in B.Tech

which we study RDBMS

(Relational Database Management System),

in that all we are focusing on, on whom,

the structure. In GATE also questions comes from this,

in UGC NET, even in all the competitive

exams the questions comes on structure data,

and how to store structured data,

in the form of relation.

Now storing the relation and accessing it,

What do I need, Management System.

So what is a DBMS? A Management System,

but for whom? for relation.

So that's why a new term has come from

here RDBMS,

that is relational database management system,

so this is our subject

i.e. relational database management system,

a system where we can perform, insert,

delete, update many operations.,

but on whom will we perform?

On relations.

So this is the basic introduction of the RDBMS.

I forget to explain about unstructured data actually,

unstructured data means

data which does not have

any particular structure to store it,

means there is no predefined structure

where I can store that data. Why ?

Because the majority of the data in the

unstructured data are like photos, videos,

which do not have any particular format.

As i am talking about a web page,

what is in a web page,

web page is a collection of photos, videos, chats

they do not have any particular format,

they can be in any format.

It may means that the web page first

contains the video, then your image,

then some text in it or maybe

the first few paragraphs came.

But structured data will always be in a

particular format and what is its format?

Table.

We are not talking about unstructured data

because our main topic is,

our subject is RDBMS is working only on structure data.

This is just a extra thing,

I just want to explain to you.

And another one point is,

if i talk about today's time,

90% of the data on the Earth is actually

unstructured.

So all the technologies in today's time,

the maximum technologies are coming

on the unstructured data,

But this doesn't mean that structure data is closed,

structured data is also exist.

But most of the technologies are on

unstructured data which is being used

the most at today's time,

like if i tell a simple example then

If we talk about big data or Hadoop,

we use all these terms in unstructured data.

But here i will explain only about

structured data and RDBMS

in further videos.