Graus de autismo [Níveis de suporte]

Summary

In this video, Maira Gaiato, a psychologist and neuroscientist specializing in autism, explains the updated classification system for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) based on support levels: 1, 2, and 3. She discusses the characteristics of each level, from those requiring minimal support (Level 1) to those needing constant care (Level 3), and emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and intervention. Maira also addresses the potential for individuals to shift support levels through appropriate therapy and family involvement, highlighting the need for personalized, science-based treatments to improve quality of life.

Takeaways

• 😀 Autistic support levels are now categorized as Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3, replacing older terms like mild, moderate, and severe.
• 😀 Autism is a spectrum disorder, meaning there are diverse characteristics and challenges, not a one-size-fits-all condition.
• 😀 The DSM-5 defines these support levels based on the intensity of symptoms and how much support an individual needs for daily functioning.
• 😀 Level 1 support (formerly mild) requires the least intervention, with individuals displaying less significant communication and social challenges, but still needing therapeutic support.
• 😀 Individuals at Level 1 can be prone to anxiety and depression due to the pressure of social interactions, and may engage in masking behaviors to avoid bullying.
• 😀 Level 2 support (formerly moderate) individuals require more assistance in communication and daily tasks, and may rely on visual aids for effective interaction.
• 😀 Those at Level 2 may experience more crises or emotional deregulation due to difficulties expressing their feelings or handling unexpected changes.
• 😀 Level 3 support (formerly severe or classic autism) requires constant supervision, as communication and social interaction are extremely limited, often with significant intellectual impairment.
• 😀 Individuals at Level 3 exhibit rigid, inflexible behaviors and intense stereotypies, and often face major difficulties in adapting to changes.
• 😀 Autistic individuals can improve and potentially move between support levels, but this depends on various factors such as therapy access, family involvement, and early diagnosis.
• 😀 Early, evidence-based therapy such as ABA can help individuals increase cognitive, motor, language, and social skills, leading to improved quality of life.

Q & A

What is the meaning of the term 'autism spectrum'?

The term 'autism spectrum' refers to the idea that autism is not a one-size-fits-all condition. It encompasses a wide range of manifestations and intensities, which vary from person to person. Autistic individuals may have different characteristics, challenges, and strengths that are expressed in diverse ways depending on various contexts.

Why is the term 'mild, moderate, and severe autism' no longer used?

The terms 'mild, moderate, and severe autism' have been replaced by the classification of 'support levels' (Levels 1, 2, and 3) because they are more accurate in describing the support an individual needs rather than labeling the condition as mild or severe. This shift focuses on the amount of support required for daily functioning.

What is the significance of the DSM-5 in autism diagnosis?

The DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition) provides standardized criteria for diagnosing autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It includes a classification system based on the level of support required, which helps guide treatment planning and intervention strategies for individuals on the spectrum.

What are the characteristics of individuals with Level 1 autism support needs?

Individuals with Level 1 autism (formerly known as 'mild autism') typically require less support. They may experience subtle difficulties in communication and social interaction, and have higher autonomy in daily tasks. However, they may still face challenges with social understanding, rigidity, and emotional regulation, which can lead to anxiety and stress.

How does masking affect individuals with Level 1 autism?

Masking refers to the practice of concealing or suppressing one's autistic traits to fit in socially. This is common among individuals with Level 1 autism, especially to avoid bullying or social rejection. However, it can lead to mental health challenges, such as anxiety and depression, due to the constant effort of hiding one's true self.

What distinguishes Level 2 autism from Level 1?

Level 2 autism requires more support than Level 1. Individuals with Level 2 often have more significant difficulties with communication and social interactions, often relying on visual supports for better understanding. They may also exhibit more intense emotional dysregulation and a stronger preference for routines and predictability.

What are the key features of individuals with Level 3 autism support needs?

Level 3 autism is the most severe form, requiring constant support and supervision. Individuals may have limited or no verbal communication and may heavily rely on visual supports. There is often significant intellectual disability, rigidity in thinking, and intense behavioral challenges, including repetitive movements and resistance to change.

Is it possible for an individual to change support levels?

Yes, it is possible for individuals to move between support levels, depending on various factors such as early diagnosis, access to therapy, and the quality of interventions. For example, someone with Level 3 support needs may improve with intensive, evidence-based therapies, potentially advancing to a lower support level over time.

What role does family involvement play in supporting individuals with autism?

Family involvement is crucial in supporting individuals with autism. Active participation in therapy and treatment plans can significantly impact the success of interventions. The more engaged a family is, the better the individual can progress in areas such as communication, social skills, and daily living activities.

How do autism therapies aim to improve the quality of life for individuals?

Autism therapies, especially those based on scientific methods like ABA (Applied Behavior Analysis), focus on improving communication, social interactions, and adaptive skills. The goal is to enhance the individual's independence, reduce challenging behaviors, and provide strategies for coping with daily life, ultimately improving their overall quality of life.