Kenapa Suhu Eksosfer Lapisan Atmosfer Bumi Terluar Bisa Panas, Padahal Luar Angkasa Sangat Dingin?

Summary

This video explores the different layers of Earth's atmosphere, from the troposphere to the exosphere, explaining the variations in temperature at each level. It highlights the extreme heat of the exosphere, where temperatures reach up to 1000°C, compared to the freezing cold of outer space at -270°C. The script delves into the science behind this phenomenon, emphasizing the speed of particle movement and how it influences temperature. Additionally, it discusses the findings of the 1972 Apollo mission, which captured images showing the exosphere extending far beyond Earth's surface, offering a fascinating look into the Earth's atmospheric structure and space science.

Takeaways

• 😀 Earth's atmosphere consists of several layers with varying temperatures.
• 😀 The troposphere, the lowest layer, experiences weather changes, with temperatures dropping to as low as minus 50°C at higher altitudes.
• 😀 In the stratosphere, ultraviolet rays from the sun are absorbed, causing temperatures to rise to around 0°C.
• 😀 The mesosphere contains cosmic dust, which prevents it from reaching Earth, and its temperature drops to minus 180°C.
• 😀 In the thermosphere, where the International Space Station is located, temperatures can rise up to 1500°C.
• 😀 The exosphere, the outermost layer of Earth's atmosphere, connects to outer space, with temperatures reaching 1000°C.
• 😀 In 1972, the Apollo mission photographed Earth's atmosphere in ultraviolet light, showing the exosphere as a glowing sheath.
• 😀 50 years later, new data revealed that the outer layer of Earth's atmosphere extends far into space, more than 50 times Earth's diameter, even crossing the moon's orbit.
• 😀 The temperature in the exosphere is extremely high at 1000°C, while space itself is as cold as minus 270°C.
• 😀 The temperature difference is linked to the speed of particle movement: slower particles are colder, while faster particles are hotter.
• 😀 Most of the exosphere consists of hydrogen, which moves extremely fast, while the lower layers contain heavier particles that move slower.

Q & A

Why is the exosphere hotter than the surrounding space?

The exosphere is hotter because its particles, mainly hydrogen, move very quickly due to their light mass. The faster the particles move, the higher the temperature, even though the density is very low.

What is the temperature trend as we move upward through Earth's atmosphere?

The temperature decreases as you move up through the troposphere, reaching as low as -50°C. In the stratosphere, temperatures rise to around 0°C due to UV absorption. The temperature then decreases again in the mesosphere, reaching -180°C. In the thermosphere, the temperature increases dramatically up to 1500°C.

What is the function of the mesosphere in Earth's atmosphere?

The mesosphere traps cosmic dust, preventing it from reaching the Earth's surface. This helps protect the planet from harmful space debris.

How does the temperature in the exosphere compare to space?

The exosphere can reach temperatures of about 1000°C, while space outside the Earth's atmosphere is much colder, around -270°C.

Why can't a regular thermometer measure the temperature of the exosphere?

A regular thermometer cannot measure the temperature of the exosphere because the gas density is too low, and there are not enough particles to transfer heat effectively for a standard thermometer to work.

Why does the temperature in the exosphere remain high despite the low particle density?

In the exosphere, the few particles present, mainly hydrogen, move at very high speeds due to their light mass. The temperature is high because of the speed of these particles, even though the density is extremely low.

What is the significance of the Apollo mission's photo of Earth's atmosphere?

The Apollo mission in 1972 captured a photo of Earth's atmosphere in ultraviolet light, clearly showing the exosphere as a glowing layer. This helped scientists understand the structure of the outer layers of Earth's atmosphere.

How far does Earth's exosphere extend into space?

The exosphere extends more than 50 times Earth's diameter into space, reaching well beyond the Moon's orbit.

What causes the temperature variation in different layers of Earth's atmosphere?

Temperature variations in the atmosphere are caused by factors like the absorption of solar radiation (in the stratosphere), the movement of particles (in the thermosphere and exosphere), and the density of air molecules (in the troposphere and mesosphere).

What role do hydrogen particles play in the exosphere's temperature?

Hydrogen particles, being the lightest, move at incredibly high speeds in the exosphere. This rapid movement contributes to the high temperature, as faster-moving particles have higher kinetic energy, even though the overall particle density is extremely low.