MATERI KEPALANGMERAHAN UNTUK PMR : SEJARAH GERAKAN, LAMBANG, TUGAS DAN FUNGSI

Summary

The video explores the history and legal framework of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, highlighting its origins in 1859 during the Battle of Solferino, witnessed by Jean Henry Dunant. It discusses the establishment of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC), and national societies like the Indonesian Red Cross (PMI). The video also emphasizes the importance of the Red Cross symbols, their protection under international law, and the penalties for misuse, aiming to educate viewers on the humanitarian mission and legal protections that support these symbols globally.

Takeaways

• 😀 The misuse of the Red Cross emblem by individuals, groups, institutions, organizations, or corporations for profit is punishable by up to 10 years in prison and a fine of up to 10 billion IDR.
• 😀 The Red Cross movement began after Jean Henry Dunant witnessed the bloody battle of Solferino in 1859, where he was moved to help wounded soldiers from both sides of the conflict.
• 😀 Dunant's book, 'Memory of Solferino' (1862), proposed the creation of volunteer organizations for battlefield medical aid and an international agreement to protect these volunteers and the wounded.
• 😀 The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement is made up of three main components: the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC), and national Red Cross or Red Crescent societies.
• 😀 The ICRC, founded in 1863, is a neutral, independent humanitarian organization that provides aid and protects victims of armed conflicts, while promoting international humanitarian law.
• 😀 The IFRC, established in 1919, coordinates humanitarian efforts among national Red Cross societies worldwide, responding to disasters and providing assistance to vulnerable communities.
• 😀 National Red Cross societies, like the Indonesian Red Cross (PMI), operate in each country that is a party to the Geneva Conventions, providing emergency services, blood management, and volunteer training.
• 😀 The Red Cross emblem, a red cross on a white background, was adopted in 1864 to identify and protect medical military units in war, ensuring their neutrality and protection from attacks.
• 😀 The Red Crescent emblem, adopted in 1876 by the Ottoman Empire and later recognized in 1929, serves the same purpose as the Red Cross in countries like Turkey, and other countries may use a red crystal emblem.
• 😀 In Indonesia, PMI was officially established on September 17, 1945, and is the sole national Red Cross society, with legal recognition under the 2018 Red Cross law, which governs its use of the emblem and its humanitarian activities.

Q & A

What is the origin of the Red Cross and Red Crescent movement?

The Red Cross and Red Crescent movement originated from the experience of Jean Henry Dunant during the Battle of Solferino in 1859. He witnessed the suffering of soldiers on both sides and initiated efforts to help them, leading to the creation of the movement and its principles.

What are the key components of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement?

The movement consists of three main components: the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC), and national Red Cross and Red Crescent societies.

How did Jean Henry Dunant contribute to the establishment of the Red Cross?

Jean Henry Dunant wrote a book, 'A Memory of Solferino', in 1862, proposing the formation of volunteer organizations to aid soldiers in wartime and an international treaty to protect volunteers and wounded soldiers. These ideas led to the establishment of the Red Cross and the Geneva Conventions.

What is the primary function of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)?

The ICRC is responsible for providing assistance and protection to victims of armed conflict and promoting international humanitarian law. It operates as a neutral and independent humanitarian organization.

What is the role of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC)?

The IFRC coordinates and supports the efforts of national Red Cross and Red Crescent societies worldwide in providing humanitarian assistance, especially during disasters and emergencies.

What is the significance of the Red Cross symbol?

The Red Cross symbol, a red cross on a white background, was adopted in 1864 as a neutral emblem to protect medical units during wartime. It reflects the neutrality of medical personnel and ensures their protection under international law.

Why did the Ottoman Empire adopt the Red Crescent instead of the Red Cross?

In 1876, the Ottoman Empire chose the Red Crescent as an emblem to replace the Red Cross, due to cultural and religious reasons. This was later recognized as a symbol of protection in international humanitarian law.

What is the role of the Indonesian Red Cross (PMI)?

The Indonesian Red Cross (PMI) is responsible for providing humanitarian services, including disaster response, medical care, blood management, and volunteer training in Indonesia. It is the only national society recognized by the International Red Cross in the country.

What does the Indonesian law state about the use of the Red Cross symbol?

Indonesian law regulates the use of the Red Cross symbol to ensure it is used only by authorized entities, such as the PMI and the Indonesian National Military Health Service, for humanitarian purposes. Unauthorized use of the symbol can result in severe penalties.

What are the penalties for abusing the Red Cross symbol in Indonesia?

Abusing the Red Cross symbol for personal or corporate gain can result in a maximum prison sentence of 10 years and a fine of up to 10 billion rupiah under Indonesian law.