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Summary

This video explains the various methods of cocoa plant propagation, focusing on both generative and vegetative techniques. Generative propagation involves pollination, seed selection, and germination, with seedlings being carefully nurtured before being transplanted. Vegetative propagation includes methods like side grafting (okulasi samping) and top grafting (sambung pucuk), which involve grafting buds or shoots from a selected variety onto a rootstock. The video highlights grafting as the most commonly used technique in the field for successful cocoa plant growth.

Takeaways

• 😀 Cacao plant propagation can be done through both generative and vegetative methods.
• 😀 Generative propagation involves pollination between male (pollen) and female (ovule) cells, resulting in cacao fruits that are then harvested and selected for seed planting.
• 😀 Only seeds from the middle part of the cacao fruit are used, as they tend to have more uniform growth compared to seeds from the fruit's ends.
• 😀 Cacao seeds germinate quickly after being placed in the right medium, as they do not undergo dormancy unlike other plants like chili peppers.
• 😀 After germination, cacao seedlings are transplanted into polybags where they are cared for with watering, weeding, pest control, and fertilization.
• 😀 Seedlings are transferred to the field after 9 to 12 months, depending on land readiness and the rainy season.
• 😀 Vegetative propagation includes two methods: grafting (okulasi or side grafting) and top grafting (using a scion from a selected tree).
• 😀 In side grafting, a bud from a chosen tree is inserted into a window cut into the rootstock, and the graft is tied with plastic.
• 😀 Successful grafting is indicated by a green graft area after 21 days, signaling the success of the graft before pruning the rootstock.
• 😀 Top grafting involves taking a cutting from the top of a tree and grafting it onto the rootstock of another tree, a method commonly used in ornamental plants.
• 😀 Side grafting (okulasi) is the most widely used propagation method in cacao cultivation due to its effectiveness.

Q & A

What is the process of generative propagation for cacao plants?

Generative propagation involves the fertilization of the female flower's ovule by the male pollen, leading to the formation of a fruit. After the fruit is harvested, its seeds are selected for propagation. The seeds are chosen from the middle of the fruit for their uniform size and growth potential.

Why is only the middle portion of the cacao seed used for propagation?

The seeds from the middle of the cacao fruit are selected because they tend to have more uniform size and shape, which leads to more consistent and healthier plant growth.

How is the planting of cacao seeds different from other plants like chili peppers?

Cacao seeds are considered recalcitrant, meaning they do not have a dormancy period. Once the seeds are harvested and placed in suitable conditions, they will immediately begin to germinate, unlike chili peppers, which experience a dormancy period and take longer to germinate.

What are the steps in growing cacao seedlings from seeds?

After harvesting the cacao fruit, the seeds are extracted and placed in a medium under shade, typically in a polybag. The seeds are then germinated, with care taken to remove non-germinating seeds. The seedlings are then moved to a polybag for further care, including watering, weeding, pest control, and fertilization.

When should cacao seedlings be transplanted to the field?

Cacao seedlings are typically transplanted to the field when they are 9 to 12 months old, depending on the readiness of the land and the timing of the rainy season.

What are the two methods of vegetative propagation for cacao plants?

The two methods of vegetative propagation for cacao plants are grafting (specifically side-grafting or 'okulasi') and budding, where a top shoot or 'pucuk' is joined to the rootstock of a cacao plant.

What is the process of side-grafting ('okulasi') in cacao propagation?

In side-grafting, a window is cut into the rootstock of the cacao plant, and a scion (a young shoot with buds) from a selected mother plant is inserted into the cut. The graft is then tied with plastic to ensure it stays in place until the union forms, which typically takes around 21 days.

How do you know if a side-graft ('okulasi') has been successful?

A side-graft is considered successful if the grafted area remains green after 21 days. If the area is still green, the graft is growing and healthy. Afterward, the rootstock is pruned to encourage growth from the grafted scion.

What is the process of top-grafting ('sambung pucuk') in cacao propagation?

In top-grafting, the top shoot or 'pucuk' from a selected plant is grafted onto the rootstock of another cacao plant. The scion is secured with raffia or plastic, and once the graft has successfully joined, it is removed from its binding material and moved to the field.

Which propagation method is most commonly used in cacao farming?

The most commonly used propagation method in cacao farming is side-grafting ('okulasi'), as it is highly effective for ensuring the desired characteristics of the mother plant are passed on to the new plant.