Bioquímica Clínica 01/01

Summary

In this video, Professor Leandro Aparecido Tronchini, a clinical biochemistry instructor at the University Paranaense, introduces the course on Clinical Biochemistry. He explains his background in pharmacy and clinical analysis and emphasizes the importance of laboratory work in diagnosing patients accurately. The course covers key aspects of biochemical testing, such as glucose and cholesterol measurement, sample handling, and the phases of clinical analysis—pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical. Professor Leandro stresses the critical need for quality control to ensure reliable results in diagnostic labs, with particular attention to the pre-analytical phase where most errors occur.

Takeaways

• 😀 Leandro Aparecido Tronchini is a professor at the University Paranaense (Unipar) since 2010, teaching Clinical Biochemistry.
• 😀 The professor has a background in pharmacy with a specialization in clinical analysis, as well as a master's and doctorate in pharmaceutical sciences.
• 😀 Clinical Biochemistry focuses on metabolic alterations and biochemical substances, such as glucose, cholesterol, and proteins, which are measured in laboratory tests.
• 😀 The main biological samples used for clinical biochemistry tests are serum and plasma, which are critical for accurate biochemical analysis.
• 😀 Quality assurance is essential in laboratory medicine to ensure reliable test results, which are crucial for accurate clinical diagnosis.
• 😀 There are three phases of clinical analysis: pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical, each of which impacts the quality of the final results.
• 😀 Pre-analytical phase includes aspects like proper test requests, patient preparation, correct identification, sample collection, and transportation to avoid errors in the results.
• 😀 The analytical phase involves the actual execution of the test, ensuring that all methods are standardized and validated for reliable outcomes.
• 😀 Post-analytical phase focuses on result interpretation, where lab results must be reviewed and appropriately communicated to provide a correct diagnosis.
• 😀 Non-conformities in clinical analysis occur when there are errors in any of the phases, such as incorrect sample handling or improper test protocols, which affect the quality of results.
• 😀 The pre-analytical phase, which includes patient instructions, sample collection, and labeling, is the stage where most errors occur, emphasizing the importance of meticulous attention to detail.

Q & A

What is the main focus of the Bioquímica Clínica course described by Professor Leandro?

The Bioquímica Clínica course focuses on teaching the biochemical processes involved in clinical diagnostics, particularly in laboratory tests such as glucose and cholesterol measurements, and understanding metabolic changes related to chemical substances.

What academic background does Professor Leandro have?

Professor Leandro has a degree in pharmacy with a specialization in clinical analysis, and he holds a master's and doctorate in pharmaceutical sciences from the Universidade Estadual de Maringá.

Why is quality assurance crucial in laboratory diagnostics?

Quality assurance ensures that the test results released to patients are reliable and accurate, supporting the correct clinical diagnosis and preventing any mistakes that could harm patient health.

What are the three main phases of clinical analysis according to ANVISA?

ANVISA classifies the process of clinical analysis into three phases: pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical.

What does the pre-analytical phase involve?

The pre-analytical phase involves tasks such as the proper requisition of tests by the doctor, patient preparation and identification, collection of biological samples, and correct handling and transportation of these samples to the lab.

What are the consequences of errors in the pre-analytical phase?

Errors in the pre-analytical phase, such as improper sample collection or inadequate patient preparation, can lead to invalid or unreliable test results, which could impact the accuracy of the clinical diagnosis.

What is the significance of sample identification in clinical analysis?

Proper sample identification ensures that the test results correspond to the correct patient and minimizes the risk of misdiagnosis or contamination, which can significantly affect clinical outcomes.

How does the analytical phase differ from the pre-analytical phase?

The analytical phase is where the actual laboratory testing takes place, involving the execution of the test procedures and obtaining the results, while the pre-analytical phase focuses on sample preparation and handling before the test.

What are some examples of errors that can occur in clinical analysis?

Examples of errors include improper sample collection, hemolysis (breakdown of blood cells), sample contamination, and incorrect labeling, all of which can lead to erroneous or inconclusive test results.

Why is it important to follow standardized methods in laboratory procedures?

Standardized methods ensure that the results are reliable and reproducible. If methods are not standardized, the tests may produce inaccurate results, which could mislead medical professionals in diagnosing the patient.