História do Serviço Social - Aula 2

Summary

This video explores the concept of 'intention of rupture' in Brazilian Social Service, focusing on its shift away from traditional models. The script outlines the historical development of this perspective, emphasizing the role of the BH method in the 1970s and 80s. It highlights the contributions of key figures like Leila Lima Santos and Ana Maria Quiroga, and discusses the method's Marxist foundations. Additionally, it examines the critiques of the method, particularly by José Paulo Neto, addressing its limitations and theoretical challenges, while showing its transformative impact on social service practice and professional training.

Takeaways

• 😀 The 'Intention of Rupture' in social work emerged in the 1970s in Brazil, aiming to break away from traditional social work practices.
• 😀 The method BH was developed at the University of Minas Gerais, focusing on a Marxist approach to social work, moving away from positivism.
• 😀 The 'Intention of Rupture' challenged Brazil's military dictatorship and its autocratic control, while promoting democratic freedom in social work.
• 😀 The perspective of rupture evolved over three phases: emergence (1972-1975), academic consolidation (1978-1983), and professional expansion (post-1983).
• 😀 Key contributors to the development of the 'Intention of Rupture' included Leila Lima, Ana Maria Quiroga, and Marilda Vilela, among others.
• 😀 The BH method focused on a Marxist theoretical foundation, emphasizing the relationship between subject and object and the importance of theory-practice integration.
• 😀 The method BH represented a critical break from traditional approaches in social work, proposing a new paradigm that emphasized transformation of society.
• 😀 José Paulo Neto criticized the BH method for its oversimplified theoretical basis and its inability to fully address the complexities of Brazilian society.
• 😀 Despite the criticisms, the BH method was recognized for its rigorous challenge to the traditional, conservative methods of social work during Brazil's military regime.
• 😀 The method BH was not just a theoretical model but also a practical guide for social workers to engage with and transform the social reality they encountered in their work.
• 😀 The limitations of the BH method were acknowledged, particularly its dependence on Marxist structuralism and the absence of a comprehensive dialectical approach.

Q & A

What is the perspective of rupture in Social Work?

The perspective of rupture in Social Work is an intention to break away from traditional methods of social work and to challenge the conservative, positivist approaches that dominated the field. It emerged in the 1970s within the Brazilian university structure, especially as a practice in extension programs and later in graduate courses.

How did the perspective of rupture relate to Brazilian politics in the 1970s?

In the 1970s, during the military dictatorship in Brazil, the perspective of rupture in Social Work challenged the authoritarian regime's demand for a rational and modern social worker. This professional role was traditionally aligned with conservative values, but the new perspective sought to break free from this and embrace Marxist influences.

What was the method BH, and what role did it play in Social Work reform?

The method BH, developed at the School of Social Work at the University of Minas Gerais, played a key role in the reform of Social Work by introducing a new approach grounded in Marxism. It was designed to guide social workers in developing practical, theoretical, and methodological interventions that aligned with the goals of social transformation, challenging traditional frameworks.

What challenges did Social Work professionals face under the military dictatorship?

Under the military dictatorship in Brazil, Social Work professionals faced significant challenges as they had to balance their professional duties with the political pressures of the regime. Some had to go into exile, while others worked within the system or sought alternative theoretical frameworks, like phenomenology, to avoid being complicit with the dictatorship.

What were the key phases of the perspective of rupture in Social Work?

José Paulo Neto identified three key phases: the emergence phase (1972-1975), where the method BH was first formulated; the consolidation phase (1978-1983), which involved refining the method through academic work; and the expansion phase (post-1983), which saw the method gaining professional traction as the country transitioned to democracy.

What is the criticism of the method BH according to José Paulo Neto?

José Paulo Neto criticized the method BH for its limitations in terms of its theoretical foundation. He argued that it was influenced by a simplistic, structuralist interpretation of Marxism and failed to address the complexities of Brazilian society. He also pointed out the method’s reliance on abstract theory without enough consideration of practical realities.

How did the method BH relate to Marxist theory?

The method BH was grounded in Marxist theory, particularly in its critique of positivism. It sought to transform social work by aligning it with the materialist conception of history and class struggle. However, it was criticized for its oversimplified application of Marxism, which lacked the dialectical and ontological depth necessary to fully understand social dynamics.

What was the significance of Leila Lima Santos' contributions to the method BH?

Leila Lima Santos' contributions were crucial in further developing the method BH. Her work helped refine the theoretical and methodological aspects of the method, particularly in terms of its focus on Marxism and its application in social work. She also helped expand the method’s reach beyond academic circles to influence the profession at large.

What role did the political context of the late 1970s and early 1980s play in the development of the perspective of rupture?

The political context of the late 1970s and early 1980s, marked by the gradual decline of the military dictatorship and the re-emergence of democratic freedoms, provided the necessary conditions for the perspective of rupture to develop fully. The democratization process allowed for more open discussions and reflections on Social Work’s role in society, enabling the adoption of more critical, transformative methodologies.

What was José Paulo Neto’s view on the use of the method BH as a professional tool?

José Paulo Neto viewed the method BH as a significant step towards modernizing Social Work, but he criticized its over-simplified application of Marxism and its failure to address the full complexity of social issues. He believed that while the method offered an important critique of traditionalism, it did not sufficiently engage with the dynamic, contradictory nature of social reality.