Teori Perdagangan Internasional | Kelas XI

Summary

This video explains key international trade theories. It begins with Adam Smith's theory of absolute advantage, which suggests that countries should specialize in producing goods where they have an absolute production advantage. Then, it covers David Ricardo’s theory of comparative advantage, emphasizing that trade can be beneficial even when one country has an absolute disadvantage in producing both goods, as long as each country has a relative advantage in one. Finally, the video introduces James Mill's modification, highlighting broader assumptions and the idea that international trade can involve more than two countries and goods.

Takeaways

• 😀 Adam Smith's theory of international trade introduced in 1776 emphasizes absolute advantage, where countries should produce goods they have an absolute advantage in and import others.
• 😀 Absolute advantage occurs when a country can produce a good more efficiently than another country, like Indonesia producing 100 meters of silk per person compared to Japan's 40 meters.
• 😀 In this theory, Indonesia has an absolute advantage in silk production, while Japan has an absolute advantage in producing television sets.
• 😀 The theory suggests that Indonesia should focus on silk production and import televisions from Japan, while Japan should focus on television production and import silk from Indonesia.
• 😀 David Ricardo challenges Smith’s theory by introducing the concept of comparative advantage, where trade can still be beneficial even if one country has an absolute advantage in both goods.
• 😀 Comparative advantage is based on a country’s relative efficiency in producing different goods, not absolute efficiency, and suggests that countries should specialize where they have the least disadvantage.
• 😀 In the example, Thailand has a comparative advantage in producing televisions, while Indonesia has a comparative advantage in silk production.
• 😀 Ricardo’s theory states that even if one country is less efficient in both products, trade can still occur to the benefit of both countries if each specializes in the product they are relatively less inefficient at producing.
• 😀 The theory of comparative advantage, introduced by Ricardo, is similar to the one later discussed by Jesmil, who further rejected some of Ricardo’s assumptions, such as the number of countries involved in trade and the number of goods traded.
• 😀 Jesmil's version of comparative advantage considers factors like differing work abilities and varying technological advancements between countries, which can influence international trade dynamics.

Q & A

What is the key concept behind Adam Smith's theory of international trade?

Adam Smith's theory suggests that international trade occurs when countries specialize in producing goods in which they have an absolute advantage, allowing them to export those goods and import others, benefiting both nations.

How does absolute advantage work in the context of international trade?

Absolute advantage means that a country can produce a good more efficiently than another. For example, Indonesia has an absolute advantage in producing silk because it can produce more units per person than Japan.

What does the term 'absolute disadvantage' refer to in trade theory?

Absolute disadvantage refers to a country's inability to produce a good as efficiently as another country. For instance, Indonesia has an absolute disadvantage in producing televisions compared to Japan.

How does the theory of comparative advantage differ from absolute advantage?

Comparative advantage, proposed by David Ricardo, suggests that trade can be beneficial even when one country has an absolute advantage in both goods. It focuses on the relative efficiency in producing goods, recommending that countries specialize in goods where they have the smallest inefficiency.

How does Thailand's situation illustrate the theory of comparative advantage?

Thailand has an absolute advantage in both silk and televisions. However, its comparative advantage lies in producing televisions, as its absolute advantage is greater in that sector compared to silk, where Indonesia has the smallest inefficiency.

What did David Ricardo argue against in Adam Smith's theory?

David Ricardo argued that international trade could still be advantageous for both countries even if one country has an absolute advantage in producing both goods. He introduced the idea of comparative advantage, which emphasizes relative efficiencies rather than absolute ones.

What are some key assumptions rejected by Jesmiel's theory of comparative advantage?

Jesmiel's theory rejects several assumptions in David Ricardo's model, such as the idea that international trade is limited to two countries, the trade of only two goods, and the assumption of uniform labor capabilities and technological advancement across countries.

How does Jesmiel's theory expand on Ricardo's model of comparative advantage?

Jesmiel's theory expands Ricardo's model by recognizing that international trade can involve more than two countries and more than two goods, and it considers variations in labor capabilities and technological development between countries.

Why does the theory of comparative advantage still suggest that countries should specialize in certain goods?

The theory suggests that countries should specialize in producing goods where they have the least disadvantage or the smallest inefficiency, ensuring that trade leads to mutual benefits, even if one country is less efficient in producing all goods.

What is the overall benefit of international trade as suggested by both Adam Smith and David Ricardo?

Both theories suggest that international trade benefits countries by allowing them to focus on producing goods they are most efficient at, and importing goods where they are less efficient, leading to greater overall efficiency and mutual benefit.