Daerah Otonomi Khusus di Indonesia

Summary

This video script explores the concept of special autonomy in Indonesia, focusing on five regions: Aceh, Papua, Papua Barat, DKI Jakarta, and Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY). Each region’s autonomy is highlighted through three dimensions: terminology, institutional arrangements, and financial aspects. Special terms, unique governance structures, and significant financial rights are detailed for each area. The script also discusses the legal basis for each region's autonomy, offering insights into how these regions maintain cultural identity and local governance through distinct laws and practices.

Takeaways

• 😀 Special autonomy regions in Indonesia include Aceh, Papua, West Papua, Jakarta, and Yogyakarta.
• 😀 Aceh’s special autonomy is based on Law No. 18 of 2001, later revised by Law No. 11 of 2006, which provides distinct rights and regulations.
• 😀 Aceh has unique terminology, such as 'Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Aceh (DPRA)' for its legislative body and 'Qanun' for regional laws.
• 😀 Papua and West Papua’s special autonomy is governed by Law No. 21 of 2001, amended by Perpu No. 1 of 2008, with similar dimensions to Aceh.
• 😀 Papua and West Papua have their own terms, such as 'Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Papua (DPRP)' and 'Perdasi' for provincial regulations.
• 😀 Both Aceh and Papua have special financial provisions, including significant revenue-sharing from oil and gas resources.
• 😀 Jakarta’s special status is based on Law No. 29 of 2007, as it serves as the capital of Indonesia, with distinct governance and financial structures.
• 😀 In Jakarta, mayors and regents are appointed by the Governor, unlike other regions where they are elected by the public.
• 😀 Yogyakarta's unique autonomy is defined by Law No. 13 of 2012, with its governor and deputy governor required to come from the royal family.
• 😀 Yogyakarta also emphasizes cultural and traditional governance, with the Sultan and Kadipaten playing a key role in land and cultural management.

Q & A

What are the five regions in Indonesia that have special autonomy?

The five regions in Indonesia with special autonomy are Aceh, Papua, Papua Barat, DKI Jakarta, and Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta.

What is the legal basis for Aceh's special autonomy?

Aceh's special autonomy is based on Law No. 18/2001, which was later amended by Law No. 11/2006 concerning the governance of Aceh.

What are the three dimensions of Aceh's special autonomy?

The three dimensions of Aceh's special autonomy are terminology, institutional structure, and financial aspects.

How does the terminology used in Aceh differ from other regions in Indonesia?

In Aceh, the terms used for local governance include DPRA (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Aceh), Qanun (regional regulations), and unique terms like gampoeng for villages and kunci for village heads.

What is the role of the Majelis Permusyawaratan Ulama in Aceh?

The Majelis Permusyawaratan Ulama in Aceh serves as a body that supports the application of Islamic law and protects the rights of the Acehnese people by ensuring the respect for traditions and religious practices.

How does the financial autonomy in Aceh differ from other provinces in Indonesia?

Aceh enjoys a 50% share of oil and gas revenue without a time limit, compared to other provinces which have limited timeframes for their revenue sharing, and also receives special allocations for development projects.

What law governs the special autonomy of Papua and Papua Barat?

Papua and Papua Barat's special autonomy is governed by Law No. 21/2001, which was amended by Perpu No. 1/2008.

What is the significance of the Majelis Rakyat Papua (MRP)?

The Majelis Rakyat Papua (MRP) represents the cultural interests of the indigenous Papuans and has specific responsibilities related to protecting their rights, promoting religious harmony, and fostering gender empowerment.

How is the revenue sharing system structured for Papua and Papua Barat?

Papua and Papua Barat receive 70% of the oil and gas revenue during the first 25 years, which decreases to 50% after the 26th year. They also receive special funding for education, healthcare, and infrastructure development.

What makes DKI Jakarta's governance different from other provinces in Indonesia?

In DKI Jakarta, the mayor and regent are not elected by the public but appointed by the governor with approval from the Provincial DPRD, unlike other provinces where mayors and regents are directly elected.

What is the legal framework for the special autonomy of Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta?

The legal framework for Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta’s special autonomy is Law No. 13/2012.

How is the governance system in Yogyakarta unique?

Yogyakarta’s governance system is unique because the governor must be the Sultan of Yogyakarta, and the deputy governor must be the Adipati of Paku Alam, both of whom hold hereditary positions.

What are the key cultural and land management features of Yogyakarta's special autonomy?

Yogyakarta’s special autonomy involves cultural preservation through the Sultanate and Kadipaten, which manage land for cultural, social, and public welfare purposes. Additionally, spatial planning is managed under the jurisdiction of these institutions.