Masa Kemerdekaan (1945-1950) || Materi IPS kelas 9

Summary

This video covers the pivotal events leading to Indonesia's independence from 1945 to 1950. It explains Japan's promise of independence to Indonesia in 1944, the formation of BPUPKI, and the development of Indonesia's founding principles, including the Pancasila. It details the crucial moments, such as the creation of the Proclamation Text, the internal struggles for immediate independence, and the eventual proclamation on August 17, 1945. The video also highlights the important roles of key leaders like Sukarno, Hatta, and other national figures in shaping Indonesia's sovereignty.

Takeaways

• 😀 In 1944, Japan, facing defeat in the Asia-Pacific War, promised Indonesia independence to gain support from its occupied territories.
• 😀 On September 7, 1944, Japanese Prime Minister Kuniaki Koiso officially promised Indonesia independence and allowed the raising of the Indonesian flag alongside Japan's flag.
• 😀 On March 1, 1945, the Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence (BPUPKI) was established, consisting of 63 members, to prepare Indonesia for independence.
• 😀 BPUPKI held two significant sessions: the first from May 29 to June 1, 1945, and the second from July 10 to 17, 1945, to discuss key issues such as the national ideology and constitution.
• 😀 The first BPUPKI session included speeches from key national figures, including Muhammad Yamin, Soepomo, and Soekarno, who each presented visions for Indonesia's future.
• 😀 Soekarno's speech on June 1, 1945, introduced the five principles that formed the basis of Pancasila, which became the national ideology of Indonesia.
• 😀 The Panitia Sembilan was formed to draft the Piagam Jakarta, a key document that laid the foundation for Indonesia's Constitution.
• 😀 BPUPKI agreed on the formation of a republic as the structure for the Indonesian state, and committees worked on drafting the Constitution and the opening statement.
• 😀 On August 14, 1945, Japan surrendered, and the Indonesian independence movement accelerated, with youth leaders, including Sutan Syahrir, pushing for a swift declaration of independence.
• 😀 On August 17, 1945, Soekarno and Hatta declared Indonesia's independence in Jakarta, with the Proclamation of Independence being read aloud at 10:00 AM on that day.

Q & A

What promise did Japan make to Indonesia in September 1944?

In September 1944, Japan promised Indonesia independence in an attempt to gain support from the occupied nations during World War II. This was a part of Japan's strategy to garner sympathy from the Indonesian people.

What was the role of BPUPKI in Indonesia's independence process?

The BPUPKI (Badan Penyelesaian Usaha Persiapan Kemerdekaan Indonesia) was formed to assist in the preparation for Indonesia's independence. It held meetings to discuss and draft the nation's constitution and determine the foundation of the state.

Who were the three key figures who proposed ideas for the state foundation during BPUPKI's first meeting?

During BPUPKI's first meeting, the three key figures who presented ideas for the state's foundation were Muhammad Yamin, Soepomo, and Sukarno.

What is the significance of the 1st of June 1945 in Indonesia's history?

The 1st of June 1945 is significant because it marks the day Sukarno presented his idea for the Pancasila, a foundational philosophical concept for Indonesia's future state, which later became the official ideology of Indonesia.

What was the Piagam Jakarta, and why was it important?

The Piagam Jakarta (Jakarta Charter) was a document formulated by the Panitia Sembilan (Nine-Person Committee) that outlined the principles of Indonesia's constitution. It was significant as it became the core of the preamble to Indonesia's constitution.

How did Indonesia's independence struggle impact the formation of its constitution?

Indonesia's struggle for independence directly influenced the formation of its constitution, which involved multiple discussions, revisions, and debates. The BPUPKI and later the PPKI played crucial roles in drafting the constitution, which was finalized after Indonesia's proclamation of independence.

What event triggered the decision to proclaim Indonesia's independence on the 17th of August, 1945?

The decision to proclaim Indonesia's independence on the 17th of August, 1945, was triggered by Japan's surrender to the Allied forces and the pressure from Indonesian youth, who were eager for immediate independence without waiting for the formalities of the PPKI.

What role did the youth play in Indonesia's independence movement in 1945?

Indonesian youth played a pivotal role in the independence movement by pushing for the immediate proclamation of independence. They intervened to take Sukarno and Hatta to Rengasdengklok, where they convinced the leaders to declare independence on the 17th of August, 1945.

How was the text of the Proclamation of Independence of Indonesia created?

The text of the Proclamation of Indonesia's Independence was written by Sukarno, with contributions from Hatta and Ahmad Soebardjo. The first sentence was suggested by Soebardjo, while the final sentence came from Hatta. Sukarno then asked Sayuti Melik to type it.

What was the significance of the 9th of September 1945 in Indonesia's history?

On the 9th of September 1945, after Indonesia's independence proclamation, Sukarno, Hatta, and other leaders gave a speech at Ikada Field in Jakarta to rally the public's support for the new republic, solidifying the nation's unity and independence.