Sering Digunakan Tapi Gak Tau Prosesnya? Begini Cara Pembuatan BBM dari Awal Sampai Siap Jual

Summary

This video explores the intricate process of how gasoline and other fuels are produced, beginning with the extraction of crude oil through drilling, both on land and at sea. The oil undergoes several stages, including distillation, cracking, and reforming, transforming it into various products like gasoline, jet fuel, and LPG. The process also highlights the environmental risks associated with oil extraction, especially in marine environments. The final products are refined to meet specific standards, such as varying octane levels for different types of gasoline, before being distributed to fueling stations.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Indonesian government proposed eliminating premium and pertalite fuel in 2021 to switch to more environmentally friendly alternatives, which sparked controversy among the public.
• 😀 Oil extraction occurs both on land and at sea, with similar processes followed in both locations, including the use of hydraulic rigs for drilling.
• 😀 In land-based oil extraction, a 60-meter-high hydraulic tower is used to drill into the earth, supporting up to 450 tons of weight.
• 😀 Once oil is discovered, it is pumped to the surface and stored in large reservoirs. Offshore oil extraction uses tankers to transport crude oil, which poses environmental risks like oil spills.
• 😀 Distillation is the first refining process where crude oil is heated to high temperatures to separate it into components based on their boiling points.
• 😀 A typical barrel of crude oil (159 liters) yields several products, with gasoline being the most abundant, followed by LPG, jet fuel, diesel, and asphalt.
• 😀 Cracking breaks down long carbon chains in oil into shorter, lighter hydrocarbons, using catalysts to make the oil easier to use.
• 😀 Naphtha undergoes reforming, a process that simplifies its complex structure so it can be used like gasoline, making it more usable as a fuel.
• 😀 The polymerization process combines raw materials to achieve specific octane ratings, resulting in different gasoline grades (e.g., Premium, Pertalite, Pertamax) with varying price points.
• 😀 Purification stages, such as copper sweating and desulfurizing, ensure the final product is cleaner and more environmentally friendly by removing impurities like sulfur, waxes, and unpleasant odors.
• 😀 After purification, the refined oil is distributed to gas stations for public use, completing the fuel production cycle.

Q & A

What is the main reason the Indonesian government considered eliminating Premium and Pertalite fuels in 2021?

The Indonesian government considered eliminating Premium and Pertalite fuels to transition to more environmentally friendly fuel options, focusing on cleaner alternatives.

How is oil drilling different between land and sea?

Both land and sea drilling follow the same basic principles, but the key difference lies in the oil transportation method. On land, oil is pumped directly to storage, whereas at sea, oil is transported by tanker ships, which presents higher environmental risks such as oil spills.

What are the risks associated with offshore oil drilling?

Offshore drilling has a higher risk of accidents, including oil spills that can severely damage marine ecosystems. One example is the Castle Belver disaster, where 80 million gallons of oil were spilled into the ocean.

What happens during the distillation process of crude oil?

In the distillation process, crude oil is heated to a temperature of about 370°C, causing it to turn into gas. This gas is then cooled and condensed into liquid form, separating it into different components based on their boiling points, such as asphalt, LPG, jet fuel, diesel, gasoline, and others.

How much gasoline is typically produced from one barrel of crude oil?

One barrel of crude oil (approximately 159 liters) typically produces 73 liters of gasoline, along with other products like LPG, jet fuel, diesel, and asphalt.

What is the purpose of the 'Cracking' process in oil refining?

The 'Cracking' process breaks down larger hydrocarbon molecules into smaller, lighter ones, making the components easier to use. This is achieved using a catalyst and involves splitting carbon chains to produce more usable products.

What is Nafta, and how is it related to gasoline production?

Nafta is a hydrocarbon compound that resembles gasoline but has a more complex molecular structure. It undergoes a 'Reforming' process to simplify its structure, making it suitable for use as a gasoline substitute.

What is the purpose of the 'Reforming' process in oil refining?

The 'Reforming' process restructures the complex hydrocarbon molecules in Nafta to create simpler structures that are more useful as gasoline. This involves catalysts, heat, and pressure to alter the chemical structure of Nafta.

How do different gasoline types like Premium, Pertalite, and Pertamax differ in terms of octane levels?

The difference between gasoline types like Premium, Pertalite, and Pertamax lies in their octane levels. Premium has an octane rating of 88, Pertalite is 90, Pertamax is 92, and Pertamax Turbo is 95. Higher octane levels generally correlate with higher fuel quality and price.

What processes are involved in cleaning and refining oil to make it more environmentally friendly?

Oil goes through several cleaning processes to make it more environmentally friendly, such as copper sweating to remove odors, solvent dewaxing to remove paraffin, acid treatment to remove sludge, and desulfurizing to eliminate sulfur content.