CARBOIDRATOS - Bioquímica - Compostos Orgânicos - Aula Completa

Summary

This lesson provides an in-depth overview of carbohydrates, explaining their types, functions, and examples. Carbohydrates are organic compounds found in foods like bread, potatoes, and fruits, serving both energetic and structural roles in the body. The lesson covers simple sugars (monosaccharides), such as glucose, fructose, and galactose, and discusses more complex sugars (oligosaccharides and polysaccharides) like lactose, sucrose, starch, and cellulose. The video also touches on the role of carbohydrates in energy production and storage, as well as their importance in cellular structures, highlighting both their immediate and long-term benefits for the body.

Takeaways

• 😀 Carbohydrates are organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, with potential additions of nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur.
• 😀 They are found in foods like bread, pasta, potatoes, fruits, and milk, providing essential energy to the body.
• 😀 Carbohydrates serve two primary functions: energy provision and structural support in the body.
• 😀 Carbohydrates are classified into three categories: monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides.
• 😀 Monosaccharides are simple sugars with 3 to 7 carbon atoms, such as glucose, fructose, and galactose.
• 😀 Glucose, fructose, and galactose are vital for energy production through cellular respiration, with glucose being the primary energy source.
• 😀 Pentoses like ribose and deoxyribose are involved in the structural formation of RNA and DNA, respectively.
• 😀 Oligosaccharides consist of 2 to 10 monosaccharide molecules, with examples like sucrose (glucose + fructose) and lactose (glucose + galactose).
• 😀 Polysaccharides are large molecules made of over 10 monosaccharides, such as glycogen (energy storage) and starch (plant energy reserve).
• 😀 Cellulose is a structural polysaccharide in plants, forming cell walls, and is essential for human digestion as fiber.
• 😀 Chitin is a polysaccharide found in the exoskeletons of arthropods and fungi, providing structural rigidity.

Q & A

What are carbohydrates also known as?

Carbohydrates are also known as glycides, sugars, saccharides, and hydrates of carbon.

What is the chemical composition of carbohydrates?

Carbohydrates are organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and may also contain nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, and other less common elements.

Where can carbohydrates be found?

Carbohydrates can be found in foods such as bread, pasta, potatoes, fruits, and milk, all of which are considered energy-rich foods.

What are the two main functions of carbohydrates?

Carbohydrates serve two main functions: energetic and structural. They provide energy for the body and also play a role in the structure of certain biological molecules.

How are carbohydrates classified?

Carbohydrates are classified into three groups: monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides.

What are monosaccharides?

Monosaccharides are simple sugars, which are the basic building blocks of carbohydrates. They contain between three and seven carbon atoms.

What are the three main monosaccharides to know?

The three main monosaccharides are glucose, fructose, and galactose, all of which have six carbon atoms and are crucial for energy production in the body.

What role do pentoses and deoxyribose play in the body?

Pentoses like ribose and deoxyribose are essential for the structure of nucleic acids. Ribose forms RNA, while deoxyribose forms DNA.

What is the function of oligosaccharides?

Oligosaccharides are carbohydrates made of 2 to 10 simple sugars. They include disaccharides like sucrose and lactose, which play important roles in nutrition and metabolism.

What is the difference between starch and cellulose in plants?

Starch is a polysaccharide used by plants to store energy, while cellulose is a structural polysaccharide that forms the cell walls of plants.

What is glycogen, and how does it function in the body?

Glycogen is a polysaccharide that stores glucose in the body, primarily in muscles and the liver. It is broken down to release glucose for energy when needed.

What is the importance of lactose and how does lactose intolerance occur?

Lactose is a disaccharide found in milk, made of glucose and galactose. People who are lactose intolerant lack the enzyme lactase, which is necessary to digest lactose, leading to digestive issues like diarrhea.

What is chitin, and where is it found?

Chitin is a polysaccharide found in the exoskeletons of arthropods, like insects and crustaceans, and also in the cell walls of fungi. It provides structural support.