UAS Psikologi Umum ( Kognisi dan Bahasa) oleh Nafiesa Miesca

Summary

In this presentation, Nafisa Mischa Zahra from IAIN Pontianak discusses the connection between cognition and language. She explains key concepts of cognition, such as perception, memory, and thinking, and how they contribute to language acquisition. The script highlights the stages of language development, from pre-verbal understanding to the mastery of grammar by age six. The importance of both internal and external factors, like age and environment, in learning a first and second language is emphasized. The talk concludes by stressing the intertwined nature of cognition and language in shaping human communication and understanding.

Takeaways

• 😀 Cognition is derived from the Latin word 'cognitio,' meaning knowledge, and involves understanding and acquiring new information.
• 😀 Sensation and perception are key cognitive processes: Sensation refers to sensory experience, while perception is an active, focused mental process.
• 😀 Memory plays a significant role in cognition, with the ability to store and recall sensory experiences and impressions.
• 😀 Fantasies or imaginings are cognitive processes that help create new mental representations based on prior experiences.
• 😀 Thinking involves making connections between pieces of knowledge, leading to the development of concepts, opinions, and conclusions.
• 😀 Language is a communication system using vocal symbols that are arbitrary and serve to convey meaning between people.
• 😀 First language acquisition (FL) follows a universal pattern across cultures, influenced by biological, neurological, and mental aspects.
• 😀 Second language acquisition (SLA) is influenced by both internal factors (like age, cognition, and motivation) and external factors (like exposure and environment).
• 😀 The stages of language acquisition include pre-speech comprehension, babbling, one-word stage, two-word stage, and the final stage of near-adult grammar.
• 😀 During the pre-speech stage (0-1 year), babies primarily develop receptive language skills, learning to distinguish sounds before speaking.
• 😀 In the babbling stage (4-6 months), babies make sounds that do not yet correspond to meaningful speech, exploring vocalizations.
• 😀 The one-word stage (around 9 months) involves simple utterances like 'mama' or 'dada,' which serve as initial signs of language development.
• 😀 The two-word stage (18 months to 2.5 years) marks the beginning of more complex language use, even if the grammar is imperfect.
• 😀 By the age of 6, children have acquired nearly adult-like language structures, demonstrating the rapid progression of language development.

Q & A

What is the definition of 'cognition' as mentioned in the transcript?

Cognition is derived from the Latin word 'cognitio,' meaning knowledge. It refers to the understanding of knowledge or the ability to acquire new knowledge.

What are the key phenomena of cognition described in the script?

The key phenomena of cognition include perception and observation, response (mental images), memory, imagination, and thinking.

What is the difference between perception and observation?

Perception is the awareness of stimuli by the senses, while observation is an active mental process where one attentively focuses on and becomes aware of the stimuli.

What is meant by 'memory' in the context of cognition?

Memory refers to the mental capacity to receive, store, and retrieve impressions or information that has been previously experienced.

How does 'imagination' or 'fantasy' relate to cognition?

Imagination or fantasy is the mind's ability to create new mental representations based on previously acquired images or impressions.

What are the stages of language acquisition mentioned in the transcript?

The stages of language acquisition are: pre-linguistic stage (comprehension), babbling stage, one-word stage (holophrastic speech), two-word combination stage, and final stages of grammar development.

What is the difference between first language acquisition (FL) and second language acquisition (SLA)?

First language acquisition (FL) refers to the natural process of acquiring the native language from birth, while second language acquisition (SLA) refers to the process of learning a language other than the mother tongue, influenced by both internal and external factors.

How does age influence language acquisition?

Age is a significant factor in language acquisition, with younger children often having an easier time acquiring a first language, while older learners may face more challenges in acquiring a second language.

What are the internal and external factors influencing second language acquisition?

Internal factors include age, cognitive abilities, motivation, and personality, while external factors include the social environment, exposure to the language, and the learning situation.

What is the connection between cognition and language as explained in the transcript?

Cognition and language are interconnected, as language is a tool through which humans organize and express knowledge, thoughts, and feelings, allowing for communication and understanding with others.