ESTRUTURA E FORMAÇÃO DE PALAVRAS - AULA COMPLETA + EXERCÍCIOS

Summary

This video focuses on the processes of word formation, explaining key linguistic concepts like derivation, composition, and agglutination. The speaker breaks down word-building techniques such as prefixal and suffixal derivation, justaposition, and agglutination, providing clear examples to help viewers understand each process. Practical exercises are included to reinforce the concepts, with an emphasis on preparing for exams and enhancing vocabulary skills. The speaker encourages engagement through comments and discussions, aiming to help students master the content and apply it effectively in various assessments.

Takeaways

• 😀 Agglutination occurs when two roots are combined, and one root loses a letter in the process, like in 'planalto' from 'plano' and 'alto'.
• 😀 Juxtaposition involves joining two roots without altering any part of the original roots, as seen in 'quinta-feira'.
• 😀 Derivation creates new words by adding prefixes or suffixes. Example: 'desfeito' (prefix) and 'artesanal' (suffix).
• 😀 Prefixal derivation involves adding a prefix to a root word, like 'desfeito' (from 'feito').
• 😀 Suffixal derivation involves adding a suffix to a root word, like 'artesanal' (from 'arte').
• 😀 Parassintética refers to the simultaneous addition of both a prefix and a suffix, as seen in certain words.
• 😀 Words can change meaning or class through the addition of prefixes and suffixes, like 'in-' for negation.
• 😀 Aglutination may lead to the loss of a letter in the process of joining roots, such as in 'planalto'.
• 😀 Word formation through derivation can be both prefixal and suffixal, expanding vocabulary and meaning.
• 😀 The exercise provided asks viewers to identify the word formation process in various examples, such as 'encarnar-se' and 'incapacidade'.
• 😀 The video emphasizes the importance of understanding word formation for language exams and competitions.

Q & A

What is the main topic of the lesson in the video?

The main topic of the lesson is the processes of word formation in Portuguese, focusing on derivation, composition, and how words are structured through prefixes, suffixes, and radical elements.

What is the difference between 'derivation' and 'composition' in word formation?

Derivation involves modifying a word by adding prefixes or suffixes to alter its meaning or grammatical category. Composition refers to the combination of two words or roots to form a new word, either through justaposition (without any letter loss) or agglutination (where one of the elements loses a letter).

What is 'justaposition' in word composition?

Justaposition is a process where two words or radicals are combined to form a new word without losing any letters from the original components. The new word retains the full structure of both elements.

What happens during 'agglutination' in word formation?

In agglutination, two radicals are joined together, but one of the elements loses a letter to form the new word. This process often involves simplifying or merging components of the original words.

Can you provide an example of derivation with a prefix?

An example of derivation with a prefix is the word 'desfeito' (undone), where the prefix 'des-' is added to the root 'feito' (done), altering the meaning of the original word.

What is the role of a 'radical' in word formation?

A radical is the core part of a word that holds its fundamental meaning. It serves as the base to which prefixes, suffixes, and other morphemes are added to create new words with different meanings or grammatical functions.

What is the function of a 'thematic vowel' in word construction?

A thematic vowel is a vowel that connects the radical to other elements in a word, such as a prefix or suffix. It plays a crucial role in word formation, particularly for verbs and nouns, helping to maintain the proper phonetic flow and grammatical structure.

What are 'desinências' in the context of Portuguese grammar?

Desinências are morphemes that provide grammatical information such as gender, number, person, or tense. They are often used in verbs to indicate conjugation and in nouns to show gender or plurality.

How does the word 'planalto' demonstrate the process of composition?

'Planalto' is an example of composition through justaposition. It is formed by combining 'plano' (plane) and 'alto' (high) without any letters being lost from the original components.

What are some examples of words formed by agglutination?

Examples of words formed by agglutination include 'aguardente' (brandy), where 'água' (water) and 'ardente' (burning) are joined, with one letter lost from 'água' to form the new word.