LiNGUISTIK ARAB: Fiqh Lughah VS Ilmu Lughah

Summary

In this video, the speaker introduces the field of linguistics, discussing its definition, scope, and significance. Linguistics is explained as the scientific study of language, focusing on how it functions in various forms such as sound and written symbols. The speaker compares different terms used in Arabic linguistics, debates key concepts like 'fiqih lughah' vs. 'ilmu lughah,' and explores the field's academic boundaries. With an emphasis on both theoretical and practical applications, the video highlights the importance of linguistics in understanding human communication and its relevance to areas such as language teaching and religious studies.

Takeaways

• 😀 Linguistics is the scientific study of language, originating from the Latin word 'lingua' meaning 'language' and 'ethic' meaning 'science', thus 'linguistics' translates to 'science of language'.
• 😀 The term 'linguistics' has different names across languages, such as 'linguistique' in French and 'linguistik' in Indonesian, with slight variations in terminology across cultures.
• 😀 Linguistics is defined as the scientific study of language, with various scholars offering slightly different perspectives on its scope and objectives.
• 😀 In Arabic, there are multiple terms for linguistics, including 'fiqh lughah' and 'ilmu lughah', and there is ongoing debate on whether these terms are synonymous or distinct.
• 😀 Some argue that 'fiqh lughah' and 'ilmu lughah' are the same because both study language in the context of human communication, while others differentiate them based on historical and methodological grounds.
• 😀 'Fiqh lughah' emerged earlier in the 6th and 7th centuries, whereas 'ilmu lughah' became more prominent in the 19th century, marking a historical distinction between the two.
• 😀 Linguistics as an academic field focuses on human language, analyzing sounds and written forms that carry meaning, but it does not study other forms of communication like animal or plant language.
• 😀 Linguistics can be categorized into general linguistics, which studies all human languages, and specific linguistics, which focuses on particular languages like Arabic, English, or Indonesian.
• 😀 There are also distinctions between macro-linguistics and micro-linguistics: macro-linguistics involves interdisciplinary approaches, while micro-linguistics focuses solely on the structure of language itself.
• 😀 The study of linguistics encompasses several sub-disciplines, such as phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics, which help analyze different aspects of language.
• 😀 The benefits of studying linguistics include better understanding of language structure, improving language education, and gaining deeper insights into religious texts such as the Quran and Hadith.

Q & A

What is linguistics?

Linguistics is the scientific study of language. It focuses on the structure, properties, and variations in language, including its sounds, words, and meaning.

Where does the term 'linguistics' come from?

The term 'linguistics' comes from the Latin word 'lingua,' meaning 'language,' and the suffix 'istics,' which means 'study of.' Therefore, linguistics literally means the study of language.

What are some different terms used in Arabic to refer to linguistics?

In Arabic, linguistics is referred to by several terms, including 'Fiqh Lugha' and 'Ilm Lugha,' with some linguistic scholars also using terms like 'Lughawi,' 'Sonya,' or 'Lughah' to refer to the study of language.

What is the difference between 'Fiqh Lugha' and 'Ilm Lugha'?

There is a debate regarding the terms 'Fiqh Lugha' and 'Ilm Lugha.' Some argue that they are the same, while others differentiate them. 'Fiqh Lugha' is often associated with the cultural and historical aspects of language, whereas 'Ilm Lugha' is seen as a more scientific, objective study of language structure.

What is the object of study in linguistics?

Linguistics studies human languages, specifically the sounds or written symbols that form language. The focus is on language that conveys meaning, excluding non-linguistic sounds like yawning or body noises.

What is the distinction between 'general linguistics' and 'specialized linguistics'?

General linguistics refers to the study of all languages in the world, while specialized linguistics focuses on particular languages, such as Arabic linguistics, Indonesian linguistics, or English linguistics.

What are the different levels of linguistics study?

Linguistics can be studied at different levels, including micro-linguistics, which focuses on the structure of language, and macro-linguistics, which applies knowledge from other fields like sociology, anthropology, and computer science.

What is the role of 'micro-linguistics'?

Micro-linguistics deals with the study of the internal structure of languages, such as phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics.

What are the main branches of micro-linguistics?

The main branches of micro-linguistics include phonology (study of sounds), morphology (study of word structure), syntax (study of sentence structure), semantics (study of meaning), and pragmatics (study of language in context).

Why is linguistics important for understanding the Qur'an and Hadith?

Linguistics helps in understanding the intricacies of the Arabic language, which is crucial for interpreting the Qur'an and Hadith accurately, as these texts have complex meanings that require precise linguistic analysis.