Teori Kepribadian Sullivan - Psikologi 2C 2019

Summary

The transcript explores the personality theory of Henry Sullivan, born in Norwich, New York, in 1892. Sullivan’s theory emphasizes the importance of interpersonal relationships in understanding human personality. He believed that personality develops through various life stages, from infancy to adulthood, and is shaped by our ability to form intimate connections with others. Sullivan’s ideas include dynamic behaviors, cognitive processes, and the role of tension in human behavior. His theory is comprehensive, logical, and grounded in psychiatry, although some critics argue it is limited in addressing the biological aspects of human behavior.

Takeaways

• 😀 Henry Sullivan was born on February 21, 1892, in Norwich, New York, and earned his medical degree in 1917.
• 😀 Sullivan worked in various capacities, including serving during World War I, working for the Federal Board for Professional Education, and joining the Public Health Service in 1922.
• 😀 He was influenced by William Malmsteen White during his time at Elisabeth Hospital in Washington DC and later became associated with the Medical School of the University of Milan.
• 😀 Sullivan is known for his interpersonal theory of personality, emphasizing that personality can only be understood through interpersonal relationships.
• 😀 He believed human development is influenced by key stages in life, including infancy, childhood, adolescence, and adulthood.
• 😀 The core of Sullivan's theory is that healthy human development depends on the ability to form intimate relationships with others.
• 😀 Sullivan introduced the concept of 'Dynamism,' which refers to recurring patterns of behavior that are distinctive to an individual.
• 😀 He identified four major components of personality: Dynamism, Personifications, The Self-System, and Cognitive Processes.
• 😀 Sullivan's cognitive processes include Prototaxis, Parataxis, and Syntax, representing different ways of processing experiences and information.
• 😀 Sullivan's developmental stages include infancy (18-24 months), childhood (2-6 years), adolescence (6-8 years), pre-adolescence (8-13 years), early adolescence (13-15 years), late adolescence (15 years and beyond), and adulthood.
• 😀 Sullivan’s theory has strengths, such as its comprehensiveness, accessibility, and its focus on interpersonal relationships, but it also has limitations, such as its reliance on biological foundations and the difficulty in applying it outside of interpersonal contexts.

Q & A

Who was Harry Sullivan, and what were his early career milestones?

Harry Sullivan was born on February 21, 1892, in Norwich, New York. He received his medical degree in 1917 and served in the army during World War I. Afterward, he worked with the Federal Board for Professional Education and the Public Health Service. Sullivan later became associated with the University of Milan and helped establish the Washington School of Psychoanalysis.

What is the central focus of Harry Sullivan's theory of personality?

Sullivan's theory of personality emphasizes that human personality can only be understood through observing interpersonal relationships. He argued that personality is shaped by the interactions and relationships one has with others throughout life.

What are the core principles of Sullivan's interpersonal theory of personality?

The core principles of Sullivan's theory include the idea that personality is best understood through interpersonal relationships, the importance of developmental stages in early life, the central role of intimacy in healthy personality development, and the significance of balancing intimacy and sexual desire for healthy growth.

How does Sullivan define the structure of personality?

Sullivan's structure of personality includes four main components: dynamism (consistent behavioral patterns), personification (internal representations of oneself and others), self-system (patterns used to maintain interpersonal security), and cognitive processes (prototaxis, parataxis, and syntax).

What are the three types of cognitive processes according to Sullivan?

The three types of cognitive processes according to Sullivan are prototaxis (isolated, immediate states), parataxis (events happening simultaneously without logical connections), and syntax (shared symbols and language accepted by a group of people).

What are the stages of personality development outlined by Sullivan?

Sullivan outlined several stages of personality development: infancy (18-24 months), childhood (2-6 years), early childhood (6-8 years), pre-adolescence (8-13 years), early adolescence (13-15 years), late adolescence (15+ years), and adulthood. Each stage is characterized by significant developmental milestones.

What happens during the 'infancy' stage of development according to Sullivan?

In the infancy stage (18-24 months), infants develop a sense of self through the nurturing and care they receive from their caregivers. This early experience is crucial for the development of personality.

How does Sullivan describe the 'early adolescence' stage of personality development?

Early adolescence (13-15 years) is marked by the onset of puberty and the emergence of sexual desire. Sullivan emphasized that this stage is key in the development of a person's need for love and intimacy.

What are the strengths of Sullivan's theory of personality?

The strengths of Sullivan's theory include its comprehensive and logical nature, its accessibility, and its alignment with psychiatric concepts. Additionally, the theory's focus on interpersonal relationships makes it particularly relevant in understanding human behavior.

What are the limitations or weaknesses of Sullivan's theory?

The main weaknesses of Sullivan's theory are its focus on interpersonal relationships, which may not fully account for the biological or other external factors affecting personality. Also, some of Sullivan's ideas may not be easily adaptable to other psychological theories.