domesticacion de animales y plantas

Summary

This script explores the domestication of animals and plants in the Andes over 5,000 years ago. The Andean people began by domesticating camelids like llamas and alpacas, through crossbreeding guanacos and vicuñas. At the same time, they experimented with plant domestication, leading to the cultivation of crops such as beans and squash. This knowledge of agriculture and animal husbandry flourished in regions like the Guitarrero Cave in Ancash, where early domestication practices took root, influencing life in the region for generations.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Andean people learned to domesticate camelids more than 5,000 years ago, starting with raising, caring for, and feeding them.
• 😀 Since vicuñas and guanacos didn't adapt well to living in corrals, the Andean people began crossbreeding them to create animals better suited for captivity.
• 😀 Llamas and alpacas are the descendants of crosses between guanacos and vicuñas, which were originally wild animals.
• 😀 Vicuñas and guanacos still live in the wild to this day, despite the domestication efforts of the Andean people.
• 😀 Simultaneously, the people began domesticating plants along riverbanks and near springs, experimenting with seeds and plant varieties.
• 😀 This domestication process led to the creation of new plant varieties that no longer lived in natural environments but in human-made ones.
• 😀 The people learned to understand how much water each plant needed and selected the best lands for cultivation.
• 😀 Beans and pallares (a type of bean) were among the first seeds domesticated in the Andean region.
• 😀 The people living in the Cave of Guitarrero in Ancash were among the first to domesticate plants in the region.
• 😀 The script highlights the importance of both animal and plant domestication in the development of Andean civilization and agriculture.

Q & A

What did the people of the Andes learn to domesticate over 5,000 years ago?

The people of the Andes learned to domesticate camelids, which include animals like llamas and alpacas.

Why did the Andean people start crossing different camelids?

They started crossing different camelids, such as vicuñas and guanacos, to create animals that could adapt to living in corrals, as the wild versions did not adjust well to confined spaces.

What animals are descendants of the crossbreeding of guanacos and vicuñas?

Llamas and alpacas are the descendants of the crossbreeding between guanacos and vicuñas.

How do guanacos and vicuñas live today?

Guanacos and vicuñas still live in the wild, unlike llamas and alpacas which have been domesticated.

When did people start domesticating plants?

People began domesticating plants around the same time as they were domesticating animals, particularly along riverbanks or near water sources.

What was the process of domesticating plants?

People experimented with seeds and plants, selecting those that thrived in cultivated environments rather than natural ones, which led to the creation of new plant varieties.

What was one of the key considerations for the Andean people when domesticating plants?

The Andean people considered the amount of water each plant needed and chose the best land for cultivating them.

Which were some of the first plants domesticated by the Andean people?

The first plants domesticated in the Andes included beans (frijol) and a type of squash known as pallar.

Which community is mentioned as one of the earliest to domesticate plants?

The people living in the Cueva de Guitarrero in Ancash are mentioned as one of the earliest communities to domesticate plants.

What was the significance of the domestication of both animals and plants in the Andes?

The domestication of animals and plants allowed the Andean people to create sustainable agricultural systems and provided resources necessary for their survival and development.