Ruang Dosen ; Peran Negara Vs Organisasi Internasional

Summary

In this episode of Edu Talks, the host dives into the concepts of multilateralism versus unilateralism, explaining these global policies with relatable examples. Multilateralism, like a family WhatsApp group or the United Nations (UN) and World Health Organization (WHO), emphasizes cooperation and collective decision-making, while unilateralism, such as the US withdrawal from the Paris Agreement and Russia's actions in Ukraine, represents a more independent approach. The episode explores the pros and cons of both approaches and invites viewers to reflect on which model would work best for global leadership. Engaging and thought-provoking, it encourages audience interaction through comments.

Takeaways

• 😀 Multilateralism is like a family WhatsApp group where everyone has a say, even if it leads to some drama and debates.
• 🌍 The United Nations (UN) is a key example of multilateralism, where countries cooperate to address global issues like climate change.
• 🌡️ COP28, held in Dubai in 2023, focused on global climate action, including transitioning away from fossil fuels and ensuring financial support for vulnerable countries.
• 💡 The Paris Agreement aims to limit global warming to 1.5°C, and COP28 discussed how the world is progressing toward this target.
• 🌱 Multilateralism offers more inclusive, diverse perspectives and solutions, though it can be slow due to lengthy debates and deadlocks.
• 🌍 The World Health Organization (WHO) also exemplifies multilateralism by coordinating global health responses, such as during the COVID-19 pandemic.
• ⚡ Unilateralism, on the other hand, is when a country acts independently, like a neighbor making their own rules without consulting others.
• 🇺🇸 The U.S. withdrawal from the Paris Agreement under President Trump (2017-2021) is an example of unilateralism, but the country later rejoined under President Biden.
• 🇷🇺 Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in 2022 is another example of unilateralism, where Russia acted without the approval of the UN, causing global economic consequences.
• ⏱️ While unilateralism can be faster and less complicated, it can also lead to global backlash, tensions, and isolation.
• ⚖️ Both multilateralism and unilateralism have their pros and cons—multilateralism is more comprehensive but slower, while unilateralism is quicker but potentially more selfish and divisive.

Q & A

What is the main difference between multilateralism and unilateralism?

Multilateralism involves countries working together in international organizations to address global issues, while unilateralism refers to a country acting independently without seeking consensus from others.

What is an example of multilateralism mentioned in the video?

An example of multilateralism mentioned is the **United Nations (UN)** and its role in handling global conflicts and issues like climate change, including events like COP28.

What is COP28 and why is it important?

COP28 is the 28th annual **Conference of the Parties** to the **United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)**. It is crucial because it addresses global climate challenges, aiming to limit global temperature rise and promote sustainable energy transitions.

What were the key discussions at COP28?

Key discussions at COP28 included evaluating progress towards the Paris Agreement's climate targets, transitioning from fossil fuels to renewable energy, increasing climate finance from developed to developing countries, and providing compensation for vulnerable nations through loss and damage funds.

How does the WHO represent multilateralism?

The **World Health Organization (WHO)** represents multilateralism by coordinating global health responses, such as during the COVID-19 pandemic, helping nations collaborate on vaccine distribution and research.

How does unilateralism play out in global politics?

Unilateralism is exemplified by actions like the United States withdrawing from the **Paris Agreement** during Trump's administration or **Russia's invasion of Ukraine**, where a country takes action independently, often causing global repercussions.

What were the consequences of the United States pulling out of the Paris Agreement?

The United States' withdrawal from the **Paris Agreement** under Trump led to global criticism and concerns about the world’s ability to address climate change. However, under President Biden, the U.S. rejoined the agreement.

Why does the speaker compare multilateralism to a family WhatsApp group?

The comparison highlights that in multilateralism, like in a family WhatsApp group, everyone has a voice, but it can sometimes lead to more drama and slow decision-making due to differing opinions.

What are the benefits and drawbacks of multilateralism?

The benefits of multilateralism include fairness, inclusivity, and more comprehensive solutions. The drawbacks include long debates and delays in decision-making due to the need for consensus among many parties.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of unilateralism?

Unilateralism is faster and allows countries to act independently, but it can be seen as selfish or disruptive, leading to potential global backlash and strained international relations.