GÊNERO do SUBSTANTIVO [Professor Noslen]

Summary

In this engaging lesson, Professor Nozen explains the concept of gender in substantives, focusing on the differences between masculine and feminine forms. He introduces 'biform substantives', where different words represent each gender, such as 'homem' (man) and 'mulher' (woman). He also covers 'uniform substantives', where gender is determined by articles or context, like 'repórter' (reporter). The professor provides examples from everyday language and professions, making the lesson accessible for Fundamental II students. He encourages further learning through exercises and promotes additional resources available on the channel.

Takeaways

• 😀 The lesson is targeted at students in elementary school, particularly those in the second stage (Fundamental II).
• 😀 The content focuses on teaching about 'substantive gender' in Portuguese grammar.
• 😀 The lesson emphasizes understanding masculine and feminine forms of nouns (substantivos biformes).
• 😀 Examples of biform nouns include 'homem' (man) and 'mulher' (woman), 'genro' (son-in-law) and 'nora' (daughter-in-law), and 'pai' (father) and 'mãe' (mother).
• 😀 Some nouns change by simply altering one letter, such as 'menino' (boy) and 'menina' (girl), or 'parente' (relative) and 'parenta' (female relative).
• 😀 A few nouns have masculine forms ending in consonants, like 'cantor' (male singer) and 'cantora' (female singer).
• 😀 The lesson also mentions professions where the masculine form ends with 'e' and the feminine with 'a', such as 'mestre' (master) and 'mestra' (mistress).
• 😀 Some nouns form the feminine by adding 'esa', 'essa', or 'isa', such as 'consulesa' (female consul) or 'baronesa' (baroness).
• 😀 There are also nouns that do not follow a specific rule, like 'herói' (hero) and 'heroína' (heroine) or 'imperador' (emperor) and 'imperatriz' (empress).
• 😀 The concept of 'uniform nouns' is explained, where the word does not change but the article or context determines its gender, such as 'o repórter' (the reporter) for both men and women.

Q & A

What are biform substantives in Portuguese?

Biform substantives are words that have two distinct forms to represent masculine and feminine genders, like 'homem' (man) and 'mulher' (woman), or 'genro' (son-in-law) and 'nora' (daughter-in-law).

Can you give an example of a biform substantive where only one letter changes?

An example of a biform substantive where only one letter changes is 'menino' (boy) and 'menina' (girl). In this case, the only difference is the last letter: 'o' for masculine and 'a' for feminine.

What is a uniform substantive?

A uniform substantive is a word whose form does not change according to gender. The gender is determined by surrounding elements, like the article or the context in which the word is used. For example, 'repórter' (reporter) is used for both men and women.

What is the difference between 'comum de dois gêneros' and 'sobrecomum'?

'Comum de dois gêneros' refers to words that can be used for both genders, with the gender determined by the article (e.g., 'o estudante' for a male student, 'a estudante' for a female student). 'Sobrecomum' refers to words that are gender-neutral and depend on the context to determine gender (e.g., 'a testemunha' could refer to either a male or female witness).

Can you explain what an epicene word is?

An epicene word is a term that remains the same for both genders but is clarified by adding 'macho' (male) or 'fêmea' (female) to specify the gender, such as 'jacaré macho' (male alligator) and 'jacaré fêmea' (female alligator).

What are some examples of professions that use a feminine form ending with 'a'?

Examples of professions where the masculine form ends in 'e' and the feminine form ends in 'a' include 'mestre' (master) and 'mestra' (female master), or 'bacharel' (bachelor) and 'bacharela' (female bachelor).

What are the main categories of uniform substantives?

The main categories of uniform substantives are: 'comum de dois gêneros', where the gender is determined by the article; 'sobrecomum', which are gender-neutral words requiring contextual interpretation; and 'epiceno', where gender is specified with terms like 'macho' and 'fêmea'.

What is the role of the article in a 'comum de dois gêneros' word?

In a 'comum de dois gêneros' word, the article before the word determines the gender. For example, 'o repórter' (male reporter) and 'a repórter' (female reporter). The word itself remains unchanged.

How do words like 'herói' and 'heroína' differ in terms of gender?

'Herói' (hero) and 'heroína' (heroine) are examples of words where the feminine form is not simply a modification of the masculine form. The word 'heroína' is an entirely different word, making it an example of a non-biform substantive.

What is the significance of the word 'cônjuge' in the context of gender?

'Cônjuge' is a gender-neutral word, meaning it can refer to both a husband and a wife. The gender of the person is understood from the context, making 'cônjuge' an example of a 'sobrecomum' word.