Lab Puskesmas RS: Pemeriksaan Total Protein Albumin

Summary

In this video, Ahmad from ATRM Indonesia provides an in-depth discussion on clinical chemistry tests, focusing on total protein and albumin analysis in laboratories. He explains the synthesis of proteins in the liver, particularly albumin, and the method of measuring total protein using the Biuret method and albumin using the BCG method. The video covers equipment, reagents, procedures, and troubleshooting tips for accurate results. Ahmad also highlights reference values for various age groups and common errors to avoid in testing, such as hemolysis and incorrect wavelength usage. The session concludes with guidance on calculating globulin levels by subtracting albumin from total protein.

Takeaways

• 😀 Total protein is composed of amino acids connected by peptide bonds, absorbed through food and synthesized by the liver, which produces 90% of all proteins and 100% of blood albumin.
• 😀 Plasma proteins include albumin, globulin, and fibrinogen, with albumin being the primary protein, crucial for maintaining osmotic pressure and transporting substances like bilirubin, fatty acids, and calcium.
• 😀 Biuret's colorimetric method is used to measure total protein levels, with the protein reacting with biuret reagent to form a purple complex, measured at 546 nm wavelength.
• 😀 Total protein is measured using a serum sample, and its concentration is calculated by comparing the sample’s absorbance to that of a standard, resulting in grams per deciliter (g/dL).
• 😀 Critical values for total protein are considered as hypoproteinemia (below 3 g/dL) and hyperproteinemia (above 15 g/dL).
• 😀 Albumin functions as the primary plasma protein, involved in osmotic pressure regulation, nutrient transport, and blood buffering to maintain pH balance.
• 😀 Albumin levels are measured using the BCG colorimetric method, where albumin reacts with the BCG reagent to form a blue-green complex, measured at 578 nm wavelength.
• 😀 The reference range for albumin in adults is typically between 3.4 to 4.8 g/dL, varying slightly with age and gender, and can be converted to g/L by multiplying by 10.
• 😀 The calculation for globulin is done by subtracting albumin levels from the total protein levels, resulting in globulin levels expressed in g/dL.
• 😀 Hemolysis, prolonged tourniquet application, and incorrect photometer wavelength settings are common sources of error in protein and albumin measurement.
• 😀 For albumin measurement, if the concentration exceeds 7 g/dL, dilution with NaCl is required, and the result should be multiplied by two for accuracy.

Q & A

What is the main focus of the video script?

The video focuses on laboratory clinical chemistry tests, specifically on total protein, albumin, and globulin measurements, along with the methods and procedures involved in testing these proteins.

What is the role of albumin in the blood plasma?

Albumin plays a crucial role in maintaining colloid osmotic pressure in blood plasma. It also acts as a transport protein for substances like bilirubin, fatty acids, calcium, and certain medications.

What are the three main components of plasma proteins mentioned in the script?

The three main components of plasma proteins discussed are albumin, globulin, and fibrinogen.

How is total protein measured in the laboratory?

Total protein is measured using the biuret method, which involves a colorimetric endpoint technique. The reaction between proteins and biuret reagent forms a purple-colored complex, which is measured at a wavelength of 546 nm using a photometer.

What is the formula used to calculate total protein concentration?

The formula for calculating total protein is: Total protein = (Absorbance of the sample / Absorbance of the standard) × Concentration of the standard.

What are the critical values for total protein levels?

Critical values for total protein are less than 3.0 g/dL, indicating hypoproteinemia, and greater than 15.0 g/dL, indicating hyperproteinemia.

What factors can lead to errors in the total protein measurement?

Factors such as hemolysis of the sample, prolonged tourniquet application (leading to hemoconcentration), and incorrect photometer wavelength settings can interfere with accurate total protein measurements.

What method is used to measure albumin levels in the blood?

Albumin is measured using a colorimetric method with BCG (Bromocresol Green) reagent. The albumin reacts with the BCG reagent to form a blue-green complex, and the intensity of the color is measured at 578 nm using a photometer.

What is the recommended sample for measuring total protein and albumin?

Serum is the recommended specimen for measuring both total protein and albumin. It should be stored at room temperature (20-25°C) for up to six days or at lower temperatures for longer periods.

How is globulin concentration calculated from total protein and albumin?

Globulin concentration is calculated by subtracting albumin concentration from the total protein concentration: Globulin = Total protein - Albumin.