Perbedaan Zakat Fitrah dan Zakat Mal, Muslim Harus Tahu!

Summary

This video explains the two essential types of zakat in Islam: zakat fitrah (zakat on the soul) and zakat mal (zakat on wealth). Zakat fitrah is required for every Muslim who is alive until the sunset of Idul Fitri, has excess provisions, and meets certain criteria. Zakat mal, on the other hand, is required for those who possess wealth exceeding the nisab (85 grams of gold) for a year and must give 2.5% of their wealth. The video clarifies common misconceptions and emphasizes the importance of fulfilling these obligations to avoid neglecting a fundamental aspect of faith.

Takeaways

• 😀 Zakat is an essential obligation for every Muslim, and there are two primary types: Zakat al-Fitr (Zakat of the soul) and Zakat al-Mal (Zakat of wealth).
• 😀 Zakat al-Fitr, also known as Zakat Fitrah, is required for every Muslim, and it has specific conditions: the person must be Muslim, alive until sunset on the last day of Ramadan, and have excess provisions to sustain themselves and their family.
• 😀 Zakat al-Mal applies to those who possess wealth, such as money, gold, or trade goods, that reaches the Nisab (minimum threshold) and has been owned for a full lunar year (haul).
• 😀 For Zakat al-Fitr, the amount required is based on a certain weight of staple food (like rice or wheat), which differs by region, but typically around 2.7 kg to 2.9 kg per person.
• 😀 Zakat al-Fitr must be given before the end of the day on Eid al-Fitr, and it is typically given in the form of food or equivalent value.
• 😀 A common misunderstanding is that poor people do not need to pay Zakat al-Fitr. However, if they possess even a small surplus of food beyond their basic needs, they are required to give Zakat al-Fitr.
• 😀 Zakat al-Mal is calculated as 2.5% of wealth that has met the Nisab threshold and has been owned for one full lunar year.
• 😀 For example, if someone has 85 grams of gold, equivalent to 85 million IDR, they are required to give 2.5% of that amount as Zakat al-Mal.
• 😀 People should avoid intentionally spending down their wealth to below the Nisab threshold in order to avoid paying Zakat al-Mal, as this is considered a form of denial of the obligation.
• 😀 Zakat serves as a purification for wealth and helps in alleviating the hardships of others, and it is obligatory for those who meet the conditions of wealth and timing.

Q & A

What are the two types of zakat discussed in the script?

The two types of zakat discussed are 'zakat fitrah' (zakat of the soul) and 'zakat mal' (zakat of wealth).

What are the conditions for an individual to be required to pay zakat fitrah?

An individual must meet three conditions: 1) They must be Muslim, 2) They must be alive until the sunset of the last day of Ramadan, and 3) They must have excess wealth to feed themselves and their dependents during the night of Eid.

Is zakat fitrah obligatory for a baby born after sunset on the last day of Ramadan?

No, if a baby is born after sunset on the last day of Ramadan, they are not required to pay zakat fitrah.

How is zakat fitrah calculated in terms of food?

Zakat fitrah is calculated as one 'sok' (a traditional unit of measure) of staple food, which can vary depending on the local food staple. In Indonesia, it is commonly rice, but in other regions, it could be wheat or another food item.

How does the script explain the common misunderstanding about zakat fitrah for poor individuals?

The script explains that some people mistakenly believe they do not need to pay zakat fitrah because they are poor. However, zakat fitrah is based on the excess food or wealth one possesses, not simply their poverty or wealth status.

What is zakat mal, and how is it calculated?

Zakat mal is the zakat on wealth, which is obligatory when an individual possesses a certain amount of wealth, called 'nisab' (minimum threshold), and has kept it for one full year. The zakat is calculated at 2.5% of the wealth that meets the nisab.

What is the nisab for zakat mal, and how is it linked to the value of gold?

The nisab for zakat mal is equivalent to 85 grams of gold. If the value of an individual's wealth equals or exceeds this amount, and they have kept it for one year, they must pay zakat mal at 2.5%.

If a person’s wealth decreases due to essential expenses, does this affect their zakat mal obligation?

Yes, if an individual’s wealth drops below the nisab due to essential expenses, like medical bills or family needs, they are not required to pay zakat mal for that year.

What does the script say about the situation where a person deliberately spends their wealth to avoid paying zakat mal?

The script warns that if someone deliberately spends their wealth before the end of the year to lower it below the nisab, this is considered as denying or rejecting the obligation of zakat, which is a serious matter.

Can zakat fitrah be paid in the form of other foods besides rice, according to the script?

Yes, zakat fitrah can be paid with other foods, such as wheat, depending on the staple food of the region. The important factor is that it should be the staple food used for daily consumption in that area.