The Story of Stuff

Summary

The video explores the lifecycle of products, from extraction to disposal, revealing the hidden environmental and social costs. It criticizes the linear, unsustainable nature of our 'materials economy,' highlighting the overuse of resources, pollution, and the negative impacts on communities. The script emphasizes the need for a systemic shift towards sustainability and equity, advocating for green chemistry, zero waste, and renewable energy. It calls for collective action to transform the current wasteful system into one that respects both people and the planet.

Takeaways

• 🌏 The materials economy is a system that moves resources from extraction to production, distribution, consumption, and disposal, but it is incomplete and in crisis due to its linear nature on a finite planet.
• 🔍 The speaker spent 10 years researching the origins and destinations of 'stuff,' revealing that the system is more complex and problematic than the textbook explanation suggests.
• 👥 People are a crucial but often overlooked component of the materials economy, with some having more influence and power than others, particularly governments and corporations.
• 🏭 Extraction and production processes are harmful to the environment, depleting natural resources and contributing to pollution and health issues.
• 🌿 The United States, with only 5% of the world's population, consumes 30% of the world's resources and produces 30% of the waste, highlighting the need for more sustainable consumption practices.
• 💔 The current system values those who own and buy, often marginalizing indigenous people and local communities who depend on the environment for their livelihoods.
• 🧪 The use of toxic chemicals in production is widespread and largely untested, leading to health risks and environmental contamination.
• 🛒 The concept of 'planned obsolescence' and 'perceived obsolescence' drives constant consumption, leading to a rapid turnover of products and waste generation.
• 📉 The focus on consumption as a measure of value and happiness has not led to increased well-being; instead, it has resulted in overwork and a decrease in leisure time.
• 🗑️ Disposal methods, such as landfills and incineration, contribute to environmental pollution and climate change, with incineration being particularly harmful due to the release of toxic substances like dioxin.
• ♻️ While recycling is beneficial, it is not a sufficient solution on its own due to the sheer volume of waste generated and the limitations on what can be recycled.

Q & A

What is the materials economy described in the script?

The materials economy refers to the system through which materials move from extraction to production, distribution, consumption, and disposal. It is the process by which the resources are utilized and the products are made, used, and eventually discarded.

Why is the current materials economy described as a system in crisis?

The current materials economy is in crisis because it operates as a linear system on a finite planet, which is unsustainable. It is constantly bumping up against limits such as resource depletion, environmental degradation, and societal impacts, which are not accounted for in the standard explanation of the materials economy.

What role do people play in the materials economy?

People are involved in every step of the materials economy, from extraction to disposal. Some individuals and entities, such as governments and corporations, have more influence and control over the system than others.

How does the script describe the impact of corporations on the materials economy?

The script describes corporations as having significant power and influence in the materials economy. It notes that 51 of the 100 largest economies on earth are corporations, and as they grow, they often prioritize their interests over those of people and the environment.

What are some of the environmental consequences of the extraction phase in the materials economy?

The extraction phase, or natural resource exploitation, leads to deforestation, mountain destruction for mineral extraction, water depletion, and loss of wildlife habitats. It results in the overconsumption of resources and contributes to environmental degradation.

How does the script address the issue of resource consumption and waste in the United States?

The script points out that the United States, with 5% of the world's population, consumes 30% of the world's resources and produces 30% of the world's waste. It highlights the need for a more sustainable and equitable use of resources.

What is the concept of 'Toxic in, Toxic out' mentioned in the script?

'Toxic in, Toxic out' refers to the idea that if toxic chemicals are used in the production process, they will end up in the products we use, potentially impacting our health and the environment.

Why is the script critical of planned and perceived obsolescence?

The script criticizes planned and perceived obsolescence as strategies designed to make products become useless or unfashionable quickly, encouraging consumers to replace them frequently, which contributes to overconsumption and waste.

How does the script link consumerism to a decline in happiness?

The script suggests that the focus on consumerism and material consumption has led to a decrease in national happiness, as it takes time away from more fulfilling activities and relationships, and puts people on a 'work-watch-spend' treadmill.

What solutions or alternatives to the current materials economy does the script propose?

The script proposes a shift towards sustainability and equity, mentioning concepts such as green chemistry, zero waste, closed-loop production, renewable energy, and local living economies as potential solutions.

How does the script view the role of government in the materials economy?

The script views the government as an entity that should be of the people, by the people, and for the people, and it criticizes the current situation where governments seem to prioritize the interests of corporations over those of the citizens.

Outlines

00:00

🤔 Understanding the Material Economy

The narrator discusses their obsession with personal belongings and their curiosity about where these items come from and where they go when discarded. They explain that the material economy consists of a linear system from extraction, production, distribution, consumption, to disposal. This system is in crisis due to its linear nature and the finite nature of our planet, leading to various societal and environmental impacts.

05:02

🌎 The Hidden Costs of Production

The script dives into the environmental and human costs of the production process. It highlights the use of toxic chemicals in manufacturing, such as brominated flame retardants, which are harmful to health. These toxins accumulate in the food chain and ultimately affect humans, with significant risks to factory workers, especially women of reproductive age. The narrative underscores the systemic issue of exploiting people and natural resources for production.

10:06

💸 The Culture of Consumption

This section examines the central role of consumption in the economic system. It discusses how consumerism has been deliberately designed to drive economic growth, through strategies like planned obsolescence (products designed to break quickly) and perceived obsolescence (products that seem outdated due to changing styles). Advertisements perpetuate this cycle by constantly telling people they need new things to be happy and valuable.

15:09

🛒 The Impact of Media and Advertising

The script explains how media and advertising create dissatisfaction with what people have, encouraging them to buy more. It also notes the decline in national happiness despite increased consumption and how modern life, with its work and shopping treadmill, leaves less time for meaningful activities. The environmental impact of disposal, including pollution from landfills and incinerators, is also highlighted.

20:14

♻️ Recycling and Systemic Change

While recycling is beneficial, it is not sufficient to address the root problems of the wasteful system. The narrative emphasizes the need for a systemic shift towards sustainability and equity, with concepts like Green Chemistry, Zero Waste, Closed Loop Production, Renewable Energy, and Local Living Economies. The script calls for a collective effort to create a new, sustainable system, challenging the old, destructive ways.

Keywords

💡Materials Economy

The term 'Materials Economy' refers to the system through which materials are extracted, produced, distributed, consumed, and finally disposed of. It is central to the video's theme as it outlines the linear process that leads to the current environmental and societal crisis. The script mentions this concept to critique the unsustainable nature of our current economic system, which is based on a linear model that is in conflict with the finite nature of our planet's resources.

💡Linear System

A 'Linear System' in the context of the video describes the traditional model of production and consumption where resources are used once and then discarded. This system is depicted as problematic because it is unsustainable on a finite planet with limited resources. The video argues that this linear approach leads to environmental degradation and social inequality, as it does not account for the long-term consequences of resource extraction and waste disposal.

💡Resource Exploitation

Resource exploitation is the act of using natural resources, often in a manner that is wasteful or harmful to the environment. In the video, it is used to describe the extraction phase of the materials economy, where activities like deforestation and mining deplete resources and harm ecosystems. The script emphasizes the unsustainability of this practice, as it leads to resource depletion and environmental damage.

💡Toxic Chemicals

The term 'Toxic Chemicals' refers to harmful substances that can have negative effects on health and the environment. The video discusses the prevalence of over 100,000 synthetic chemicals in commerce, many of which have not been tested for health impacts. The script uses the example of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) to illustrate how toxic chemicals are integrated into everyday products, posing risks to human health and the environment.

💡Planned Obsolescence

Planned obsolescence is a strategy used by manufacturers to design products with a limited useful life, encouraging consumers to replace them frequently. The video criticizes this practice as a driver of overconsumption and waste. It provides the example of rapidly changing computer technology, which renders older models obsolete and contributes to electronic waste.

💡Perceived Obsolescence

Perceived obsolescence is a marketing tactic that makes consumers feel that their possessions are outdated, pressuring them to buy new items to keep up with changing trends. The video uses the example of changing fashion trends in women's shoes and the desire for matching electronic devices to illustrate how this concept manipulates consumer behavior and drives constant consumption.

💡Externalizing Costs

Externalizing costs refers to the practice of not including the true environmental and social costs of production in the price of goods. The video explains that this results in consumers not paying the full price for the products they buy, while the costs are borne by the environment and exploited workers. An example given is the low price of a radio that does not account for the environmental impact of its production and distribution.

💡Consumerism

Consumerism is the idea that the acquisition of goods and services is the primary focus of economic activity and personal fulfillment. The video argues that consumerism has been promoted as a societal norm, leading to overconsumption and a focus on material possessions rather than on relationships and experiences that contribute to well-being. It critiques the post-9/11 call to shop as an example of consumerism being prioritized over other aspects of life.

💡Waste Disposal

Waste disposal in the video refers to the final stage of the materials economy where waste is managed through landfills and incineration. The script highlights the environmental and health hazards associated with these methods, such as pollution and the release of toxic substances like dioxin. It emphasizes the need for more sustainable waste management practices.

💡Recycling

Recycling is the process of converting waste materials into new products to reduce the consumption of raw materials and the environmental impact of waste management. While the video acknowledges that recycling is beneficial, it also points out its limitations, such as the inability to recycle certain materials and the relatively small amount of waste that comes from households compared to the waste generated in the production process.

💡Sustainability

Sustainability, in the context of the video, refers to the need for a shift towards economic and social systems that can endure over the long term without depleting resources or harming the environment. The script mentions concepts like green chemistry, zero waste, closed-loop production, and renewable energy as part of a sustainable approach to the materials economy. It suggests that adopting sustainable practices is essential for transforming the current crisis into a more equitable and environmentally friendly system.

Highlights

The materials economy is a linear system in crisis due to its incompatibility with a finite planet.

The system of stuff involves extraction, production, distribution, consumption, and disposal, impacting societies, cultures, and the environment.

People and their roles, particularly governments and corporations, significantly influence the materials economy.

Corporations have grown more powerful than governments, with 51 of the world's 100 largest economies being corporations.

Extraction, or natural resource exploitation, leads to environmental degradation and resource depletion.

The U.S. consumes and wastes disproportionately, using 30% of global resources and producing 30% of waste despite having only 5% of the world's population.

Production processes involve toxic chemicals, many of which have unknown health impacts due to lack of comprehensive testing.

Toxic chemicals accumulate in the food chain and are particularly concentrated in human breast milk.

Factory workers, often women of reproductive age, bear the brunt of exposure to reproductive toxics and carcinogens.

The system erodes local environments and economies, creating a constant supply of desperate workers.

Distribution aims to sell products quickly and cheaply, often at the expense of workers' wages and benefits.

The cost of products does not reflect their true impact on the environment and society, externalizing these costs onto others.

Consumption is the driving force of the economy, with planned and perceived obsolescence designed to accelerate the cycle of buying and discarding.

The average American consumes twice as much as 50 years ago, reflecting a shift in societal values towards materialism.

National happiness has declined despite increased consumption, suggesting a disconnect between material goods and well-being.

Disposal, including landfills and incineration, contributes to pollution and climate change, with incineration releasing highly toxic substances.

Recycling is beneficial but insufficient to address the systemic issues of the linear materials economy.

A new mindset based on sustainability and equity is emerging, with concepts like green chemistry, zero waste, and closed-loop production.

The old linear system was created by people and can be transformed by people towards a more sustainable and equitable model.

Transcripts

Do you have one of these?

I got a little obsessed with mine.

In fact I got a little obsessed with all my stuff.

Have you ever wondered where all the stuff we buy, comes from

and where it goes when we throw it out?

I couldn't stop wondering about that. So I looked it up.

And what the text book said, is that stuff moves through a system

from extraction to production to distribution to consumption to disposal.

All together, it is called the materials economy. Well, I looked into it a little bit more.

In fact, I spent 10 years traveling the world,

tracking where our stuff comes from and where it goes.

And you know what I found out? That is not the whole story.

There's a lot missing from this explanation.

For one thing, this system looks like it's fine. No problem.

But the truth is it’s a system in crisis.

And the reason it is in crisis is that it is a linear system

and we live on a finite planet

and you can not run a linear system on a finite planet indefinitely.

Every step along the way, this system is interacting with the real world.

In real life it’s not happening on a blank white page.

It’s interacting with societies, cultures, economies, the environment.

And all along the way, it’s bumping up against limits.

Limits we don't see here because the diagram is incomplete.

So lets go back through, let's fill in some of the blanks and see what's missing.

Well, one of the most important things its missing is people, yes people.

People live and work all along this system.

And some people in this system matter a little more than others;

Some have a little more say. Who are they?

Well, let’s start with the government.

Now my friends tell me I should use a tank to symbolize the government

and that’s true in many countries and increasingly in our own,

after all more than 50% of our federal tax money is now going to the military,

but I’m using a person to symbolize the government

because I hold true to the vision and values that governments should be

of the people, by the people, for the people.

It's the governments job to watch out for us, to take care of us. That’s their job.

Then along came the corporation.

Now, the reason the corporation looks bigger than the government

is bigger then the government.

Of the 100 largest economies on earth now, 51 are corporations.

As the corporations have grown in size and power, we’ve seen a little change in the government

where they’re a little more concerned in making sure

everything is working out for those guys than for us.

OK, so lets see what else is missing from this picture.

We'll start with extraction.

which is a fancy word for natural resource exploitation

which is a fancy word for trashing the planet.

What this looks like is we chop down trees, we blow up mountains to get the metals inside,

we use up all the water and we wipe out the animals.

So here we are running up against our first limit.

We are running out of resources. We are using too much stuff.

Now I know this can be hard to hear, but it's the truth we’ve gotta deal with it.

In the past three decades alone,

one-third of the planet’s natural resources base have been consumed. Gone.

We are cutting and mining and hauling and trashing the place so fast

that we’re undermining the planet’s very ability for people to live here.

Where I live, in the United States, we have less than 4% of our original forests left.

Forty percent of the waterways have become undrinkable.

And our problem is not just that we’re using too much stuff,

but we’re using more than our share. We have 5% of the world’s population

but we’re consuming 30% of the world’s resources and creating 30% of the world’s waste.

If everybody consumed at U.S. rates, we would need 3 to 5 planets.

And you know what? We’ve only got one.

So, my country’s response to this limitation is simply to go take somebody else’s!

This is the Third World, which – some would say –

is another word for our stuff that somehow got on someone else’s land.

So what does that look like? The same thing: trashing the place.

75% of global fisheries now are fished at or beyond capacity.

80% of the planet’s original forests are gone.

In the Amazon alone, we’re losing 2000 trees a minute.

That is seven football fields a minute.

And what about the people who live here?

Well. According to these guys, they don’t own these resources

even if they’ve been living there for generations, they don’t own the means of production

and they’re not buying a lot of stuff. And in this system,

if you don’t own or buy a lot of stuff, you don’t have value.

So, next, the materials move to “production“ and what happens there is we use energy

to mix toxic chemicals in with the natural resources to make toxic contaminated products.

There are over 100,000 synthetic chemicals in use in commerce today.

Only a handful of them have even been tested for health impacts

and NONE have been tested for synergistic health impacts,

that means when they interact with all the other chemicals we’re exposed to every day.

So, we don’t know the full impact on health and the environment of all these toxic chemicals.

But we do know one thing: Toxics in, Toxics Out.

As long as we keep putting toxics into our inudstrial production systems,

we are going to keep getting toxics in the stuff that we bring

into our homes, and workplaces, and schools. And, duh, our bodies.

Like BFRs, brominated flame retardants.

They are a chemical that make things more fireproof but they are super toxic.

They’re a neurotoxin–that means toxic to the brain What are we even doing using a chemical like this?

Yet we put them in our computers, our appliances, couches, mattresses, even some pillows.

In fact, we take our pillows, we douse them in a neurotoxin

and then we bring them home and put our heads on them for 8 hours a night to sleep.

Now, I don’t know, but it seems to me that in this country with so much potential,

we could think of a better way to stop our heads from catching on fire at night.

Now these toxics build up in the food chain and concentrate in our bodies.

Do you know what is the food at the top of the food chain

with the highest level of many toxic contaminants? Human breast milk.

That means that we have reached a point where the smallest members of our societies - our babies

are getting their highest lifetime dose of toxic chemicals from breastfeeding from their mothers.

Is that not an incredible violation?

Breastfeeding must be the most fundamental human act of nurturing;

it should be sacred and safe. Now breastfeeding is still best

and mothers should definitely keep breastfeeding, but we should protect it. They should protect it.

I thought they were looking out for us. And of course,

the people who bear the biggest of these toxic chemicals

are the factory workers, many of whom are women of reproductive age.

They’re working with reproductive toxics, carcinogens and more.

Now, I ask you, what kind of woman of reproductive age

would work in a job exposed to reproductive toxics,

except for a woman with no other option? And that is one of the “beauties” of this system?

The erosion of local environments and economies here

ensures a constant supply of people with no other option.

Globally 200,000 people a day are moving from environments

that have sustained them for generations,

into cities, many to live in slums, looking for work, no matter how toxic that work may be.

So, you see, it is not just resources that are wasted along this system,

but people too. Whole communities get wasted.

Yup, toxics in, toxics out.

A lot of the toxics leave the factories in products,

but even more leave as by-products, or pollution. And it’s a lot of pollution.

In the U.S., our industry admits to releasing over 4 billion pounds of toxic chemicals a year

and it’s probably way more since that is only what they admit.

So that’s another limit, because, yuck,

who wants to look at and smell 4 billion pounds of toxic chemicals a year? So, what do they do?

Move the dirty factories overseas Pollute someone else’s land!

But surprise, a lot of that air pollution is coming right back at us, carried by wind currents.

So, what happens after all these resources are turned into products?

Well, it moves here, for distribution.

Now distribution means “selling all this toxic-contaminated junk as quickly as possible.”

The goal here is to keep the prices down, keep the people buying, and keep the inventory moving.

How do they keep the prices down? Well, they don’t pay the store workers very much

and they skimp on health insurance every time they can. It’s all about externalizing the costs.

What that means is the real costs of making stuff aren’t captured in the price.

In other words, we aren’t paying for the stuff we buy.

I was thinking about this the other day.

I was walking and I wanted to listen to the news

so I popped into a Radio Shack to buy a radio.

I found this cute little green radio for 4 dollars and 99 cents.

I was standing there in line to buy this thing and I was thinking

how could $4.99 possibly capture the costs

of making this radio and getting it into my hands? The metal was probably mined in South Africa,

the petroleum was probably drilled in Iraq, the plastics were probably produced in China,

and maybe the whole thing was assembled by some 15 year old in a maquiladora in Mexico.

$4.99 wouldn’t even pay the rent for the shelf space it occupied until I came along,

let alone part of the staff guy’s salary who helped me pick it out,

or the multiple ocean cruises and truck rides pieces of this radio went on.

That’s how I realized, I didn’t pay for the radio. So, who did pay?

Well. These people paid with the loss of their natural resource base.

These people paid with the loss of their clean air with increasing asthma and cancer rates.

Kids in the Congo paid with their future – 30% of the kids in parts of the Congo

now have had to drop out of school to mine coltan,

a metal we need for our cheap and disposable electronics.

These people even paid, by having to cover their own health insurance.

All along this system, people pitched in so I could get this radio for $4.99.

And none of these contributions are recorded in any accounts book.

That is what I mean by the company owners externalize the true costs of production.

And that brings us to the golden arrow of consumption.

This is the heart of the system, the engine that drives it.

It is so important that protecting this arrow has become the top priority for both of these guys.

That is why, after 9/11, when our country was in shock,

and President Bush could have suggested any number of appropriate things:

to grieve, to pray, to hope. NO. He said to shop. TO SHOP?!

We have become a nation of consumers. Our primary identity has become that of being consumers,

not mothers, teachers, farmers, but consumers.

The primary way that our value is measured and demonstrated

is by how much we contribute to this arrow, how much we consume. And do we!

We shop and shop and shop. Keep the materials flowing, And flow they do!

Guess what percentage of total materials flow through this system is still in product or use 6 months after the date of sale in North America?

Fifty percent? Twenty? NO. One percent. One! In other words, 99 percent of the stuff

we harvest, mine, process, transport – 99 percent of the stuff we run through this system

is trashed within 6 months. Now how can we run a planet

with that level of materials throughput? It wasn’t always like this.

The average U.S. person now consumes twice as much as they did 50 years ago.

Ask your grandma. In her day, stewardship and resourcefulness and thrift were valued.

So, how did this happen? Well, it didn’t just happen. It was designed.

Shortly after the World War 2, these guys were figuring out how to ramp up the economy.

Retailing analyst Victor Lebow articulated the solution

that has become the norm for the whole system.

He said: "Our enormously productive economy demands that we make consumption our way of life,

that we convert the buying and use of goods into rituals, that we seek our spiritual satisfaction,

our ego satisfaction, in consumption.

We need things consumed, burned up, replaced and discarded at an ever-accelerating rate.”

President Eisenhower's Council of Economic Advisors Chairman said

that "The American economy's ultimate purpose is to produce more consumer goods."

MORE CONSUMER GOODS?

Our ultimate purpose? Not provide health care, or education, or safe transportation,

or sustainability or justice? Consumer goods?

How did they get us to jump on board this program so enthusiastically?

Well, two of their most effective strategies are planned obsolescence and perceived obsolescence.

Planned obsolescence is another word for “designed for the dump.”

It means they actually make stuff to be useless as quickly as possible

so we will chuck it and buy a new one.

It’s obvious with things like plastic bags and coffee cups, but now it’s even big stuff:

mops, DVDs, cameras, barbeques even, everything! Even computers.

Have you noticed that when you buy a computer now,

the technology is changing so fast that in just a couple years,

it’s actually an impediment to communication? I was curious about this

so I opened up a big desktop computer to see what was inside. And I found out

that the piece that changes each year is just a tiny little piece in the corner.

But you can’t just change that one piece, because each new version is a different shape,

so you gotta chuck the whole thing and buy a new one.

So, I was reading industrial design journals from the 1950s when planned obsolescence

was really catching on. These designers are so open about it.

They actually discuss how fast can they make stuff break

that still leaves the consumer having enough faith in the product

to go out and buy anther one. It was so intentional.

But stuff cannot break fast enough to keep this arrow afloat,

so there’s also “perceived obsolescence.”

Now perceived obsolescence convinces us to throw away stuff that is still perfectly useful.

How do they do that? Well, they change the way the stuff looks

so if you bought your stuff a couple years ago,

everyone can tell that you haven’t contributed to this arrow recently

and since the way we demonstrate our value is contributing to this arrow, it can be embarrassing

Like I’ve have had the same fat white computer monitor

on my desk for 5 years. My co-worker just got a new computer.

She has a flat, shiny, sleek monitor.

It matches her computer, it matches her phone, even her pen stand.

She looks like she is driving in space ship central and I,

I look like I have a washing machine on my desk.

Fashion is another prime example of this. Have you ever wondered why women’s shoe heels

go from fat one year to skinny the next to fat to skinny? It is not because there is some debate

about which heel structure is the most healthy for women’s feet. It’s because wearing fat heels

in a skinny heel year shows everybody that you haven’t contributed to that arrow recently

so you’re not as valuable as that person in skinny heels next to you,

or, more likely, in some ad. It’s to keep buying new shoes.

Advertisements, and media in general, play a big role in this.

Each of us in the U.S. is targeted with over 3,000 advertisements a day.

We each see more advertisements in one year than people 50 years ago saw in a lifetime.

And if you think about it, what is the point of an ad except to make us unhappy with what we have?

So, 3,000 times a day, we’re told that our hair is wrong, our skin is wrong,

our clothes are wrong, our furniture is wrong, our cars are wrong, we are wrong

but that it can all be made right if we just go shopping.

Media also helps by hiding all of this and all of this,

so the only part of the materials economy we see is the shopping.

The extraction, production and disposal all happen outside our field of vision.

So, in the U.S. we have more stuff than ever before,

but polls show that our national happiness is actually declining.

Our national happiness peaked in the 1950s, the same time as this consumption mania exploded.

Hmmm. Interesting coincidence.

I think I know why. We have more stuff,

but we have less time for the things that really make us happy:

friends, family, leisure time. We’re working harder than ever.

Some analysts say that we have less leisure time now than in Feudal Society.

And do you know what the two main activities are

that we do with the scant leisure time we have?

Watch TV and shop.

In the U.S., we spend 3 to 4 times as many hours shopping

as our counterparts in Europe do. So we are in this ridiculous situation

where we go to work, maybe two jobs even, and we come home and we’re exhausted

so we plop down on our new couch and watch TV and the commercials tell us “YOU SUCK”

so we gotta go to the mall to buy something to feel better, and then you gotta go to work more

to pay for the stuff you just bought so you come home and you’re more tired

so you sit down and watch more T.V. and it tells you to go to the mall again

and we’re on this crazy work-watch-spend treadmill and we could just stop.

So in the end, what happens To all the stuff we buy anyway?

At this rate of consumption, it can’t fit into our houses

even though the average house size has doubled

in this country since the 1970s. It all goes out in the garbage.

And that brings us to disposal. This is the part of the materials economy

we all know the most because we have to haul the junk out to the curb ourselves.

Each of us in the United States makes 4 1/2 pounds of garbage a day.

That is twice what we each made thirty years ago.

All of this garbage either gets dumped in a landfill, which is just a big hole in the ground,

or if you’re really unlucky, first it’s burned in an incinerator and then dumped in a landfill.

Either way, both pollute the air, land, water and, don’t forget, change the climate.

Incineration is really bad.

Remember those toxics back in the production stage?

Well burning the garbage releases the toxics up into the air.

Even worse, it makes new super toxics. Like dioxin.

Dioxin is the most toxic man made substance known to science.

And incinerators are the number one source of dioxin.

That means that we could stop the number one source of the most toxic man-made substance known

just by stopping burning the trash. We could stop it today.

Now some companies don’t want to deal with building landfills and incinerators here,

so they just export the disposal too. What about recycling? Does recycling help?

Yes, recycling helps. reduces the garbage at this end

and it reduces the pressure to mine and harvest new stuff at this end.

Yes, Yes, Yes, we should all recycle. But recycling is not enough.

Recycling will never be enough. For a couple of reasons.

First, the waste coming out of our houses is just the tip of the iceberg.

For every one garbage can of waste you put out on the curb,

70 garbage cans of waste were made upstream

just to make the junk in that one garbage can you put out on the curb.

So even if we could recycle 100 percent of the waste coming out of our households,

it doesn’t get to the core of the problems. Also much of the garbage can’t be recycled,

either because it contains too many toxics, or it is designed NOT to be recyclable in the firs place

Like those juice packs with layers of metal and paper and plastic

all smooshed together. You can never separate those for true recycling.

So you see, it is a system in crisis. All along the way, we are bumping up limits.

From changing climate to declining happiness, it’s just not working.

But the good thing about such an all pervasive problem

is that there are so many points of intervention.

There are people working here on saving forests and here on clean production.

People working on labor rights and fair trade

and conscious consuming and blocking landfills and incinerators

and, very importantly, on taking back our government

so it is really is by the people and for the people.

All this work is critically important but things are really gonna start moving

when we see the connections, when we see the big picture.

When people along this system get united, we can reclaim and transform this linear system

into something new, a system that doesn’t waste resources or people.

Because what we really need to chuck is this old-school throw-away mindset.

There’s a new school of thinking on this stuff and it’s based on sustainability and equity:

Green Chemistry, Zero Waste, Closed Loop Production,

Renewable Energy, Local living Economies.

It’s already happening. Now some say it’s unrealistic, idealistic, that it can’t happen

But I say the ones who are unrealistic are those that want to continue on the old path.

That’s dreaming.

Remember that old way didn’t just happen. It’s not like gravity that we just gotta live with

People created it. And we’re people too. So let’s create something new.

Subtitles by the Amara.org community