Cha Guan - Mimpi Indonesia Jadi Negara Maju Terhalang Dukungan Terhadap Inovasi

Summary

The script discusses Indonesia's struggle to become a developed nation despite its large GDP and natural resources. It critiques the country's innovation, education, and research shortcomings by comparing it to other nations like Vietnam and China. Highlighting the Global Innovation Index, the script emphasizes the importance of investing in innovation, technology, and human capital. It stresses the need for a shift away from resource-dependent industries and advocates for improving research funding and vocational education to avoid stagnation. The speaker challenges Indonesia's progress, urging a collective effort to embrace innovation for future advancement.

Takeaways

• 😀 Indonesia ranks 75th out of 132 economies in the Global Innovation Index (GII) of 2022, a relatively low position compared to other countries in Asia.
• 😀 Vietnam has made significant progress, improving from 97th in 2015 to 48th in 2022, highlighting its growth in innovation and development.
• 😀 Countries like South Korea, Singapore, and China lead in various innovation pillars, such as human capital, research, and innovation institutions.
• 😀 Indonesia's market maturity is ranked 36th, indicating a large but not highly innovative consumer market, which limits its potential for innovation-driven growth.
• 😀 The Global Innovation Index suggests that economies reliant on resource extraction, like Russia and Saudi Arabia, often lag behind in innovation.
• 😀 The importance of shifting Indonesia’s economic focus from extractive industries (such as oil and gas) to innovation-driven sectors is emphasized to avoid stagnation.
• 😀 The allocation of Indonesia’s national budget (APBN) for research is notably low, at 0.3%, compared to other countries like Israel (4.9%) and South Korea (4.6%).
• 😀 The lack of sufficient research investment and innovation focus in Indonesia's economy is a significant barrier to becoming a developed nation.
• 😀 China has become a global leader in robotics and automation, installing 44% of new global robots, underscoring its technological dominance.
• 😀 China's focus on vocational education with over 11,300 schools and 10 million graduates annually supports its continuous innovation and reduces unemployment caused by automation.

Q & A

What is the Global Innovation Index (GII), and how does it evaluate countries?

The Global Innovation Index (GII) is an annual report released by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). It evaluates countries based on key pillars such as institutions, human capital and research, infrastructure, market sophistication, business sophistication, knowledge and technology output, and creative output. The aim is to help policymakers assess the effectiveness of their policies and improve innovation strategies.

Where does Indonesia rank in the 2022 Global Innovation Index, and how has its position changed over time?

In the 2022 Global Innovation Index, Indonesia ranks 75th out of 132 economies. This represents an improvement from 2015, when Indonesia was ranked 97th, showcasing progress in innovation despite remaining far behind some other Southeast Asian nations.

How does Indonesia's ranking compare to other Southeast Asian countries in the 2022 GII?

In the 2022 GII, Indonesia ranks 75th, while neighboring Southeast Asian countries such as Singapore, Malaysia, and Thailand are ranked 5th, 36th, and 43rd, respectively. Vietnam, considered a rival to Indonesia, ranks 48th, demonstrating a significant improvement from its 2015 rank of 52nd.

What role does GDP play in determining whether a country is considered 'advanced'?

GDP alone is not enough to determine if a country is advanced. While a large GDP might indicate a strong economy, innovation and technological progress are crucial factors for measuring the true advancement of a nation. Indonesia's large population contributes to its GDP, but its innovation capabilities remain underdeveloped.

Why is innovation important for a country’s development?

Innovation is essential because it drives technological advancements, boosts productivity, and creates high-value industries. Countries that invest in innovation can transition from resource-dependent economies to knowledge-based economies, improving their long-term economic prospects and global competitiveness.

What does the GII report say about the relationship between innovation and natural resources?

The GII report highlights that economies dependent on natural resources, such as oil and gas, tend to score lower on innovation indexes. Countries relying heavily on extractive industries may lack the innovation drive necessary for economic growth and sustainability, as they are less likely to invest in research and development.

How does the allocation of a country's budget for research and development impact innovation?

The allocation of a nation's budget for research and development (R&D) plays a crucial role in fostering innovation. Countries like Israel, South Korea, and Japan allocate a significant percentage of their budget to R&D, which leads to higher innovation outputs. In contrast, Indonesia spends a minimal portion of its budget on R&D, affecting its ability to innovate.

What is the significance of China’s position in the GII, especially in terms of robotics and automation?

China ranks first in the world for robotics and automation in industrial sectors. The rapid growth in robotics and automation in China is a result of its substantial investments in technology, with 44% of global robot and automation installations occurring in China. This indicates the country’s leadership in technological innovation, particularly in manufacturing and industrial automation.

What challenges does China face as it increases its use of automation and robotics in industries?

While China’s push for automation and robotics boosts industrial efficiency, it also leads to rising unemployment due to the displacement of human workers by machines. To counteract this, China has developed a vocational education system that trains millions of workers annually to adapt to new technological roles, thus balancing technological progress with job creation.

How can Indonesia learn from China’s approach to innovation and vocational education?

Indonesia can learn from China’s approach by prioritizing innovation and creating a robust vocational education system. By aligning curricula with technological advancements, Indonesia could equip its workforce with the necessary skills to thrive in an innovation-driven economy, ultimately bridging the gap between its current position and more advanced nations.