CONFIGURACIÓN ELECTRÓNICA del BROMO | Química desde cero

La Química de Yamil

24 Oct 202010:30

Summary

TLDRIn this educational video, Yamil Córdoba introduces viewers to the electronic configuration of the element bromine, which has 35 electrons corresponding to its atomic number. The video guides through the step-by-step process of determining the electronic configuration using the Aufbau principle and the Pauli exclusion principle, revealing that bromine's configuration is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁵. Yamil explains how to identify the period and group of bromine in the periodic table, concluding that bromine is in the 4th period and belongs to group 7A (or 7 in the modern IUPAC nomenclature). Additionally, the video includes the construction of an orbital diagram to visualize the valence electrons, showing that bromine has 7 valence electrons. The content is designed to be engaging and informative, encouraging viewers to stay until the end and participate by liking and commenting.

Takeaways

🧪 The video is an educational tutorial by Yamil Córdoba on the electronic configuration of the element bromine.
🔍 Bromine has an atomic number of 35, which means it has 35 electrons.
📚 The video explains not only the electronic configuration of bromine but also its group and period in the periodic table.
🌐 The electronic configuration of bromine is detailed step by step using the Aufbau principle and the electron configuration formula.
📈 The maximum energy level in bromine's electronic configuration is 4, which places it in the 4th period of the periodic table.
🔢 By summing the electrons in the outermost energy level (4s² 4p₅), which totals 7, bromine is identified as being in group 7 of the periodic table.
📝 The video clarifies that if the outermost electrons are in an s or p orbital, the group is indicated with an 'a', and if in a d or f orbital, it is indicated with a 'b'.
🌀 The tutorial includes the creation of an orbital diagram to show how many electrons bromine can share when forming chemical bonds.
📉 Bromine's valence electrons are represented in the orbital diagram, showing it has 7 valence electrons, which are not paired.
🎓 The video concludes with a summary that bromine has 7 valence electrons, providing a visual representation of its orbitals.

Q & A

What is the main topic of the video by Yamil Córdoba?
-The main topic of the video is to teach the electronic configuration of the element bromine, including its atomic number, group, period, and valence electrons.
How many electrons does bromine have according to its atomic number?
-Bromine has 35 electrons, as indicated by its atomic number.
What is the purpose of the Moller diagram in the context of this video?
-The Moller diagram is used to illustrate the order in which electrons are arranged within an atom, guiding through the steps to determine the electronic configuration of bromine.
What is the highest energy level or principal quantum number in the electronic configuration of bromine?
-The highest energy level in the electronic configuration of bromine is 4, which is determined by the '4s' orbital.
In which period of the periodic table does bromine reside?
-Bromine is located in the fourth period of the periodic table, as indicated by the highest energy level number, which is 4.
How can you determine the group of bromine in the periodic table?
-The group of bromine can be determined by counting the electrons in the outermost energy level, which in this case are the 7 electrons in the '4p' orbital.
What is the significance of the term 'valence electrons' in the context of this video?
-Valence electrons are the electrons that are involved in chemical bonding. The video explains how to determine the number of valence electrons in bromine by examining its electronic configuration.
What is the total number of valence electrons in bromine according to the video?
-Bromine has 7 valence electrons, as determined by the number of electrons in the '4p' orbital.
How does the video explain the concept of orbitals in relation to bromine's electronic configuration?
-The video uses the concept of orbitals to show the different zones where electrons move within an atom, and it uses a diagram to illustrate the placement of electrons in the 's' and 'p' orbitals of bromine.
What is the role of the spin of electrons in the orbital diagram presented in the video?
-The spin of electrons is represented by arrows pointing up and down in the orbital diagram to indicate the direction of electron spin, with each orbital accommodating a maximum of two electrons with opposite spins.
How does the video differentiate between 'a' and 'b' groups in the periodic table?
-The video explains that if the electronic configuration ends with 's' or 'p', the group is labeled with 'a', indicating a representative element. If it ends with 'd' or 'f', it is labeled with 'b', indicating a transition or rare earth element. Since bromine ends with 'p', it is in group 7a.

Outlines

00:00

🧪 Introduction to Bromine's Electronic Configuration

In this segment, Yamil Córdoba introduces the topic of bromine's electronic configuration. He explains that bromine, with an atomic number of 35, has 35 electrons and will guide viewers through the process of determining its electronic configuration. Yamil also promises to cover the element's group and period in the periodic table, as well as its valence electrons. The video aims to be engaging and educational, encouraging viewers to stay until the end.

05:03

🔍 Detailed Explanation of Bromine's Electronic Configuration and Properties

This paragraph delves into the specifics of bromine's electronic configuration, using the Aufbau principle and the Pauli exclusion principle to determine the placement of electrons in orbitals. The process begins with the 1s orbital, which holds 2 electrons, and continues through the 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, and 4s orbitals, culminating in the 3p orbital with 5 electrons, which is the last orbital to be filled to reach the total of 35 electrons. Yamil explains how to determine the period and group of bromine in the periodic table by looking at the highest energy level and the number of electrons in that level, respectively. He concludes by illustrating the orbital diagram for bromine and discusses its valence electrons, which are essential for understanding its chemical bonding behavior.

10:06

🎵 Closing and Call to Action

The final paragraph of the script features background music, indicating a transition to the conclusion of the video. Although there is no spoken content in this paragraph, it serves as a cue for viewers to anticipate the end of the educational segment. Typically, this would be the moment for the host to summarize key points, thank the audience for watching, and possibly include a call to action, such as subscribing to the channel, liking the video, or leaving a comment.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Electronic Configuration

Electronic configuration refers to the arrangement of electrons around the nucleus of an atom. It is a fundamental concept in chemistry that helps in understanding the chemical properties and reactivity of elements. In the video, the electronic configuration of bromine is discussed in detail, starting from the 1s orbital and leading up to the 4p orbital, which contains 5 electrons. This configuration is crucial for determining the element's position in the periodic table and its valence electrons.

💡Atomic Number

The atomic number of an element is a unique identifier that represents the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. For bromine, which is the focus of the video, the atomic number is 35. This number is significant as it directly correlates with the total number of electrons in a neutral atom, which in turn dictates the electronic configuration.

💡Periodic Table

The periodic table is a tabular arrangement of the chemical elements, organized based on their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties. The video explains how to determine the period and group of bromine in the periodic table. The period is identified by the highest energy level (in this case, 4), and the group is determined by the number of valence electrons (7 in the case of bromine).

💡Energy Levels

Energy levels, also known as shells, are regions around the nucleus where electrons are located. In the context of the video, the energy levels are used to describe the arrangement of electrons in bromine's electronic configuration, with the highest energy level being 4, indicating that bromine is in the fourth period of the periodic table.

💡Orbitals

Orbitals are regions within an atom where electrons are most likely to be found. The video script describes how electrons fill up orbitals such as 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, and 4s, and finally the 4p orbital in the case of bromine. Each orbital can hold a specific number of electrons, which is essential for understanding the electronic configuration.

💡Valence Electrons

Valence electrons are the outermost electrons in an atom and play a key role in chemical bonding. The video explains how to determine the number of valence electrons for bromine by counting the electrons in the highest energy level's orbitals, which are 2 electrons in the 4s orbital and 5 electrons in the 4p orbital, totaling 7 valence electrons.

💡Molecular Orbital Diagram

A molecular orbital diagram is a visual representation that shows the arrangement of electrons in an atom or molecule. The video script describes the process of creating a molecular orbital diagram for bromine, which helps in understanding how many electrons are available for bonding.

💡Electron Spin

Electron spin is a fundamental property of electrons that describes their intrinsic angular momentum. In the video, the concept of electron spin is used to explain how electrons are paired in orbitals, with one electron spinning up and the other spinning down, adhering to the Pauli exclusion principle.

💡Representative Elements

Representative elements, also known as main group elements, are those in groups 1, 2, and 13 to 18 of the periodic table. They are characterized by having their valence electrons in s or p orbitals. In the video, bromine is identified as a representative element because its electronic configuration ends with p orbitals.

💡Transition Elements

Transition elements, also known as transition metals, are found in groups 3 to 12 of the periodic table and are characterized by having their valence electrons in d orbitals. The video script explains the distinction between transition elements and representative elements based on the ending of the electronic configuration, with bromine being a representative element due to its p orbital ending.

💡Roman Numerals

Roman numerals are a numeral system used in the context of the periodic table to denote the group numbers of elements. The video script mentions using Roman numerals to indicate the group number of bromine, which is group 7, but it is corrected to simply state '7' as the group number.

Highlights

Introduction to the topic of electronic configuration of the element bromine.

Bromine has 35 electrons, which is its atomic number.

Explanation of the process to determine the electronic configuration of bromine.

Use of the Mole diagram to understand the electron arrangement within the atom.

Step-by-step placement of electrons for bromine's electronic configuration.

Electrons are placed in orbitals starting with 1s, 2s, 2p, and so on.

Bromine's electronic configuration ends with 4s^2 3d^10 4p^5.

The highest energy level in bromine's configuration is 4, indicating it's in the 4th period.

Summing up the electrons in the highest energy level to determine the group.

Bromine is in group 7 of the periodic table.

Differentiating between main group elements and transition elements based on the last orbital.

Creating an orbital diagram to visualize bromine's electron sharing capabilities.

Bromine has 7 valence electrons, which are the outermost electrons available for bonding.

Demonstration of how to draw the orbital diagram for bromine.

Understanding that bromine has a single unpaired electron in its ground state.

Encouragement for viewers to subscribe, like, and comment on the video.

Closing remarks by Yamil Córdoba, the host of the chemistry channel.