Prótons, elétrons, nêutrons e massa Fácil- como calcular e exemplos

Summary

In this educational video, the focus is on understanding the basic structure of an atom, including protons, electrons, and neutrons. The script explains how to determine the number of protons (atomic number), neutrons (mass number minus atomic number), and electrons in neutral atoms. Using examples like fluorine and bromine, it demonstrates how to apply these concepts using the periodic table. The lesson also covers how neutral atoms have an equal number of protons and electrons. Future lessons will introduce ions, which have an unequal number of protons and electrons.

Takeaways

• 😀 Protons are positively charged particles found in the nucleus of an atom, determining the atomic number (Z).
• 😀 Neutrons are neutral particles located in the nucleus, contributing to the atom's mass without affecting its charge.
• 😀 Electrons are negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus, and in a neutral atom, the number of electrons equals the number of protons.
• 😀 The atomic number (Z) is the number of protons in an atom, and it defines the element.
• 😀 The mass number (A) is the sum of protons and neutrons in an atom, giving the total mass of the nucleus.
• 😀 To calculate the number of neutrons in an atom, subtract the atomic number (Z) from the mass number (A).
• 😀 In a neutral atom, the number of protons equals the number of electrons, resulting in no overall charge.
• 😀 The periodic table lists elements with their atomic numbers and mass numbers, which help identify subatomic particles.
• 😀 For fluorine (F), the atomic number is 9, the mass number is 19, and it has 10 neutrons. The number of electrons equals the number of protons (9).
• 😀 For bromine (Br), the atomic number is 35, the mass number is approximately 80, and it has 45 neutrons. The number of electrons equals the number of protons (35).
• 😀 For beryllium (Be), the atomic number is 4, the mass number is 9, and it has 5 neutrons. The number of electrons equals the number of protons (4).

Q & A

What are protons, electrons, and neutrons in an atom?

Protons are positively charged particles, electrons are negatively charged particles, and neutrons are neutral particles with no charge. These particles make up an atom, with protons and neutrons found in the nucleus, and electrons orbiting the nucleus.

What is the difference between the nucleus and the electron cloud in an atom?

The nucleus is the dense, central part of an atom, containing protons and neutrons, and it holds almost all of the atom's mass. The electron cloud, also called the electron shell or electrophere, is the region surrounding the nucleus, where electrons move around. It contains most of the atom's volume but has very little mass.

How can you determine the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons in an atom?

You can find the number of protons and electrons by looking at the atomic number of the element on the periodic table. The number of neutrons can be determined by subtracting the atomic number from the atomic mass (rounded to the nearest whole number).

What is the atomic number, and what does it represent?

The atomic number is the smaller of two numbers found on the periodic table for an element. It represents the number of protons in an atom and, for neutral atoms, also equals the number of electrons.

What does the atomic mass represent?

The atomic mass, usually the larger number listed on the periodic table, represents the sum of the protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus. It indicates the total mass of the atom.

How do you calculate the number of neutrons in an atom?

To find the number of neutrons in an atom, subtract the atomic number (number of protons) from the atomic mass (rounded to the nearest whole number).

What is the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in a fluorine (F) atom?

A fluorine (F) atom has 9 protons, 9 electrons, and 10 neutrons. The atomic number of fluorine is 9, and its atomic mass is approximately 19, so 19 - 9 = 10 neutrons.

In a neutral atom, how do the numbers of protons and electrons compare?

In a neutral atom, the number of protons is always equal to the number of electrons, resulting in no overall charge for the atom.

What is the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in a bromine (Br) atom?

A bromine (Br) atom has 35 protons, 35 electrons, and 45 neutrons. The atomic number of bromine is 35, and its atomic mass is approximately 80, so 80 - 35 = 45 neutrons.

What are ions, and how do they differ from neutral atoms?

Ions are atoms that have gained or lost electrons, resulting in a charge. Unlike neutral atoms, where the number of protons equals the number of electrons, ions have a different number of electrons compared to protons, giving them a positive or negative charge.