PARADA RESPIRATÓRIA, O QUE FAZER? SUPORTE BÁSICO DE VIDA | SBV

Summary

This video discusses the critical difference between respiratory and cardiorespiratory arrest, focusing specifically on recognizing and responding to respiratory arrest in adults, children, and infants. It explains the importance of early intervention and different methods of ventilation, including mouth-to-mouth, pocket masks, and Ambu bags. The speaker outlines the steps to identify respiratory failure, provides clear guidance on proper ventilation techniques, and emphasizes the significance of continuous reassessment every two minutes during resuscitation. The video also touches on special cases such as neonates and the need for specific protocols in those situations, providing useful resources for further learning.

Takeaways

• 😀 It's important to recognize that respiratory arrest can precede cardiorespiratory arrest and should not be overlooked.
• 😀 There are three key age groups in basic life support: adults, children (1 year to puberty), and infants (29 days to 1 year).
• 😀 Identifying whether a patient is an adolescent or child can be done by observation; treat as a child if they appear younger, otherwise as an adult.
• 😀 Neonates (under 29 days old) are treated as infants in basic life support unless specialized training is available.
• 😀 Respiratory arrest is defined as a condition where the patient cannot exchange gases at the alveolar level, preventing oxygenation of the tissues.
• 😀 Respiratory arrest can occur due to causes like agonal breathing, airway obstruction, or drowning, which require different approaches to treatment.
• 😀 In case of respiratory arrest, it is crucial to assess the patient's chest for movement, check for a pulse (carotid for adults/children, brachial for infants), and begin resuscitation if necessary.
• 😀 If a patient in respiratory arrest has a pulse but is not breathing, artificial ventilation (using techniques like mouth-to-mouth or pocket mask) is needed.
• 😀 The correct frequency for providing breaths varies: 1 breath every 5-6 seconds for adults and 3-5 seconds for children and infants.
• 😀 It is essential to avoid ventilating too rapidly, as excessive air can lead to gastric insufflation, increasing the risk of complications like regurgitation and aspiration.
• 😀 When alone, a pocket mask is the most effective tool for ventilation; however, in team settings, using an ambu bag with oxygen is preferred for more efficient ventilation.

Q & A

What is the difference between respiratory arrest and cardiac arrest?

Respiratory arrest is when a person stops breathing, preventing oxygen exchange in the lungs, whereas cardiac arrest occurs when the heart stops pumping blood, leading to a lack of circulation. Respiratory arrest can lead to cardiac arrest if not treated promptly.

How do you identify respiratory arrest in a patient?

Respiratory arrest is identified by the absence of chest movement or normal breathing (gasping can sometimes occur). Additionally, the patient may have a pulse but no breathing, which requires ventilation support.

What should you do if a child appears to be in the early stages of puberty but you're unsure whether to treat them as an adult or a child?

If the person appears to be a child, treat them as a child. If they appear to be an adolescent, treat them as an adult. The key is making a decision based on the appearance of the individual.

How should you treat a neonate (newborn) in respiratory arrest?

If you encounter a neonate in respiratory arrest and you are trained in basic life support, treat them as you would a lactating infant. If you have specific neonatal training, apply those protocols.

What are the primary techniques used in basic life support for different age groups?

For adults, the primary technique is to provide CPR and ventilations at a rate of 1 ventilation every 5-6 seconds. For children and infants, ventilations should be given every 3-5 seconds. The techniques vary slightly for each group based on age and respiratory needs.

What is agonal breathing, and how is it related to respiratory arrest?

Agonal breathing (also known as gasping) refers to irregular, slow breaths, often occurring when the body is unable to properly ventilate. It is an indication that respiratory arrest is occurring, though it is not effective breathing.

What devices can be used to provide ventilations in a patient with respiratory arrest?

The three main devices used are: mouth-to-mouth resuscitation, pocket masks (which can deliver 60% oxygen), and the Ambu bag (which can deliver up to 90% oxygen when connected to a source). The choice of device depends on the situation and the available resources.

Why is it important to avoid rapid ventilation during resuscitation?

Rapid ventilation can cause air to accumulate in the stomach (gastric insufflation), leading to increased abdominal pressure and complications such as regurgitation and aspiration. It's essential to provide ventilations at the correct pace to avoid these risks.

How often should you re-evaluate the patient's condition during respiratory arrest?

Re-evaluate the patient every 2 minutes to check if the condition has improved, if they have resumed spontaneous breathing, or if the situation has worsened into a cardiac arrest. Adjust your actions accordingly.

What should you do if a patient's respiratory arrest progresses into cardiac arrest?

If the patient progresses from respiratory arrest to cardiac arrest, you must begin CPR, including chest compressions, as this is now a more critical condition. The priority shifts to restoring circulation along with maintaining ventilation.