Cara membaca dan menulis Hiragana bahasa Jepang

Summary

In this video lesson, Basuki introduces Hiragana, one of the fundamental writing systems in Japanese. The lesson covers all 46 basic Hiragana characters, their pronunciation, stroke order, and usage in forming words. It also delves into variations, including Dakuten, Handakuten, and diphthongs, which modify the sounds of basic characters. Practical examples are provided for each character, demonstrating their use in everyday Japanese vocabulary. By the end of the video, viewers gain a clear understanding of how to write, read, and form words using Hiragana, making this lesson a valuable resource for beginners learning Japanese.

Takeaways

• 😀 Hiragana is a Japanese writing system used to write native vocabulary, particles, auxiliary verbs, and words that can't be written in Kanji.
• 😀 There are 46 basic Hiragana characters, divided into 11 rows or series, each representing a set of consonant-vowel combinations.
• 😀 The basic rows of Hiragana include: 'a', 'ka', 'sa', 'ta', 'na', 'ha', 'ma', 'ya', 'ra', 'wa', and 'n'.
• 😀 Each Hiragana character is written from left to right or top to bottom with a specific stroke order.
• 😀 The first series ('a', 'i', 'u', 'e', 'o') contains vowel sounds, pronounced similarly to their counterparts in Indonesian.
• 😀 Modified characters such as Dakuten and Handakuten are added to characters to change their sounds (e.g., 'ka' becomes 'ga').
• 😀 Dakuten adds a voiced sound to characters in the 'k', 's', 't', and 'h' rows, and Handakuten adds a 'p' sound to the 'h' row.
• 😀 Yōon (diphthongs) are combinations of smaller 'ya', 'yu', 'yo' with other consonants, creating sounds like 'kya', 'sha', and more.
• 😀 Long vowels in Hiragana are created by adding an extra vowel character (e.g., 'a' becomes 'aa') to extend the sound.
• 😀 Sokuon (double consonants) are formed by using a small 'tsu' to double the consonant sound in words, like 'kitta' for 'cut'.

Q & A

What is Hiragana, and why is it important in the Japanese language?

Hiragana is one of the writing systems in the Japanese language, primarily used to write native Japanese vocabulary, including particles, auxiliary verbs, and interjections. It is essential for writing words that cannot be written in Kanji and is often used for grammatical elements in sentences.

How many Hiragana characters are there, and how are they categorized?

There are 46 basic Hiragana characters, which are categorized into 11 rows or groups. Each row consists of characters with similar sounds, such as the vowel row (a, i, u, e, o) and other rows like ka, sa, ta, na, etc.

How is the letter 'ha' pronounced when used as a particle in Japanese?

'Ha' is pronounced as 'wa' when it functions as a particle in Japanese. This is an example of how some Hiragana characters change pronunciation based on their grammatical role.

What is the difference between regular Hiragana characters and those with diacritical marks?

Regular Hiragana characters can be altered into more 'voiced' sounds by adding diacritical marks, such as dakuten (゛) or handakuten (゜). These marks change the sound of the character, for example, 'ka' becomes 'ga', and 'sa' becomes 'za'.

What are the three types of modified Hiragana sounds discussed in the script?

The three types of modified Hiragana sounds are dakuten (voiced sounds), handakuten (semi-voiced sounds), and yōon (combination sounds), which involve merging two Hiragana characters to form a single modified sound.

Can you explain the concept of yōon (combination sounds) in Hiragana?

Yōon refers to the combination of a consonant sound from one character with a smaller version of the 'ya', 'yu', or 'yo' characters, resulting in a new sound. For example, 'ki' + 'ya' becomes 'kya', and 'shi' + 'yo' becomes 'shyo'.

How does the long vowel sound work in Hiragana?

In Hiragana, a long vowel sound is created by adding an additional vowel character to the original vowel. For instance, 'a' becomes 'aa', 'i' becomes 'ii', and so on. This is important for pronunciation and meaning.

What are some examples of words written using Hiragana characters from the script?

Examples of words written in Hiragana include 'ashi' (足), meaning 'foot', 'kuruma' (車), meaning 'car', 'hon' (本), meaning 'book', and 'sakura' (桜), meaning 'cherry blossom'.

What is the role of the N character in Hiragana, and how is it pronounced?

The 'n' character in Hiragana is special as it can sometimes be pronounced as 'm' or 'ng', depending on the following consonant sound. It is used in various words and sometimes represents a nasal sound.

What is the significance of the handakuten mark, and which characters use it?

The handakuten mark (゜) indicates a semi-voiced sound and is used only with the 'h' row characters. When applied, it changes 'h' sounds into 'p' sounds, such as 'ha' becoming 'pa'.