MENDENGARKAN SUARA JANTUNG: S1, S2, S3, S4, MURMUR

Summary

In this video, Rafika explains how to assess heart sounds, including S1, S2, S3, S4, and murmurs, to evaluate heart valve function. The focus is on understanding the closure of atrioventricular and semilunar valves, which produce distinct heart sounds. The video also demonstrates the correct techniques for using a stethoscope, including proper positioning of the patient and stethoscope placement to listen for different heart sounds. Additionally, it covers how to detect murmurs and abnormal heart sounds like S3 and S4, and provides guidelines for distinguishing normal and abnormal heart sounds in various conditions.

Takeaways

• 😀 The main purpose of heart auscultation is to evaluate the closure of heart valves.
• 😀 The heart has two types of valves: Atrioventricular (AV) and Semilunar valves.
• 😀 S1 (Lub) occurs when the AV valves close at the beginning of ventricular systole.
• 😀 S2 (Dub) occurs when the semilunar valves close at the end of systole, signaling diastole.
• 😀 S3 is an additional sound heard just after S2, often due to vibrations in the AV valves.
• 😀 S4 is an extra sound heard before S1, often caused by atrial contraction against a stiff ventricle.
• 😀 Murmurs are abnormal heart sounds, typically caused by turbulent blood flow due to imperfect valve closure.
• 😀 Murmurs are graded from 1 to 6, with Grade 6 being the loudest and easiest to hear.
• 😀 To listen for S3 and S4, position the patient on their left side to bring the heart closer to the chest wall.
• 😀 The diaphragm of the stethoscope is used to listen for high-pitched sounds (S1, S2), while the bell is used for lower-pitched sounds (S3, S4, mitral murmurs).

Q & A

What is the primary purpose of examining heart sounds?

The primary purpose of examining heart sounds is to assess the closure of the heart valves. This helps in evaluating the functioning of the atrioventricular (AV) and semilunar valves.

What are the two main types of heart valves discussed in the script?

The two main types of heart valves discussed are the atrioventricular (AV) valves, which connect the atria and ventricles, and the semilunar valves, which include the pulmonary and aortic valves.

What heart sound is associated with the closure of the atrioventricular valves?

The closure of the atrioventricular valves produces the S1 heart sound, often referred to as the 'lub' sound.

Which heart sound is produced by the closure of the semilunar valves?

The closure of the semilunar valves produces the S2 heart sound, often referred to as the 'dub' sound.

What is the difference between diastole and systole?

Diastole refers to the relaxation phase of the heart when the chambers fill with blood, while systole refers to the contraction phase when the heart pumps blood out.

What tools are used to listen to heart sounds, and how do they differ?

A stethoscope is used to listen to heart sounds. The diaphragm is used to listen for higher-pitched sounds like S1, S2, and murmurs, while the bell is used to listen for lower-pitched sounds like S3, S4, and murmurs from the mitral valve.

How should a patient be positioned to listen for S1 and S2 heart sounds?

The patient can be seated or lying down to listen for S1 and S2 heart sounds. This position is suitable for listening to general heart sounds.

What is the significance of tilting the patient to the left when examining heart sounds?

Tilting the patient to the left helps the heart fall to the left side of the chest, making it easier to listen for heart sounds, especially S3, S4, and murmurs related to the mitral valve.

What are S3 and S4 heart sounds, and when do they occur?

S3 is an additional sound that occurs after S2, indicating vibrations in the atrioventricular valves during relaxation. S4 occurs before S1, caused by resistance in the ventricles, requiring the atrium to exert more force to push blood into the ventricle.

What causes a heart murmur, and what are the different grades of murmurs?

A heart murmur is caused by turbulent blood flow, often due to valve dysfunction or abnormalities. The grades range from 1 (barely audible) to 6 (loud enough to be heard without a stethoscope on the chest).