PSIKOLOGI KEPRIBADIAN | TEORI KONSTITUSI SHELDON | #psikologi #materi

Summary

This transcript delves into the theory of constitution by Sheldon, examining the relationship between physical traits and personality. It introduces key concepts such as somatotypes—endomorph, mesomorph, and ectomorph—and links these to behavioral patterns. Sheldon’s work connects body types to psychological traits and behavior, proposing that certain physical traits influence individual temperament. The theory also explores how biological factors like genetics and morphology shape personality, emphasizing that body structure influences behavior and development. The discussion covers Sheldon's classification of personality into three categories: viscerotonia, somatotonia, and cerebrotonia, showing how these traits manifest in various aspects of life.

Takeaways

• 😀 The concept of constitutional psychology focuses on the relationship between an individual's physical constitution and their behavior.
• 😀 Sheldon’s theory of constitutional psychology emphasizes the role of physical body structure, including morphology, physiology, and endocrinology, in influencing behavior.
• 😀 Sheldon categorized body types into three primary somatotypes: endomorph, mesomorph, and ectomorph, each associated with different behavioral traits.
• 😀 Endomorphs are characterized by a soft, rounded body, typically with a low muscle development and a tendency to be sociable and enjoy food and comfort.
• 😀 Mesomorphs are muscular and athletic, often seen as strong, active, and energetic, with bodies built for endurance and strength.
• 😀 Ectomorphs are slender, with low body fat and muscle mass, often considered more introverted and less physically resilient.
• 😀 Sheldon’s research introduced secondary body components such as dysplasia and gynandromorphy, which describe imbalances or characteristics that deviate from the primary body types.
• 😀 Constitutional psychology highlights the importance of genetic factors in shaping personality and behavior, with physical traits influencing psychological tendencies.
• 😀 The relationship between body type and behavior is reinforced by societal stereotypes and expectations, which further influence how individuals with different somatotypes are perceived and behave.
• 😀 Sheldon believed that understanding an individual’s somatotype could be useful in guiding child development, preventing mismatched aspirations based on unrealistic expectations about their physical potential.

Q & A

What is the main focus of Sheldon’s constitutional psychology theory?

Sheldon’s constitutional psychology theory primarily focuses on the relationship between an individual’s physical structure, particularly body type, and their behavior or temperament. It suggests that biological factors, such as body shape and structure, play a significant role in shaping human behavior and personality.

What is the definition of 'constitution' according to Sheldon?

According to Sheldon, 'constitution' refers to the relatively stable and unchanging aspects of an individual, such as their morphology, physiology, and endocrine functions, which influence their behavior. It contrasts with more mutable aspects influenced by environmental pressures, like social habits and education.

How does Sheldon classify body types in his somatotype theory?

Sheldon classifies body types into three categories: endomorph, mesomorph, and ectomorph. Endomorphs are characterized by a round, soft body, mesomorphs by muscular and strong builds, and ectomorphs by lean, fragile frames with little muscle development.

What role does genetics play in Sheldon’s theory?

In Sheldon’s theory, genetics are crucial in determining an individual’s body type and, by extension, their temperament and behavior. He suggests that genetic factors influence the development of body structure and the physiological traits that contribute to specific behavioral patterns.

How does Sheldon’s theory explain the relationship between body type and temperament?

Sheldon’s theory posits that different body types correspond with certain temperaments. For example, endomorphs tend to have a more relaxed, sociable temperament, mesomorphs are generally more assertive and energetic, and ectomorphs are often more introverted and reserved.

What is the significance of somatotype measurements in Sheldon’s research?

Somatotype measurements in Sheldon’s research help classify individuals based on their physical structure, which is believed to correlate with personality traits and behaviors. By measuring body dimensions and characteristics, Sheldon aimed to identify the biological basis for personality and behavior patterns.

What are the secondary components of somatotype, according to Sheldon?

Sheldon identifies secondary components of somatotype, including displasia, which refers to the inconsistency between different body regions, and 'gynandromorphism,' which indicates the presence of physical traits commonly associated with the opposite sex. These components add depth to the understanding of how body types can affect personality.

How does Sheldon’s somatotype theory apply to understanding gender differences?

Sheldon’s somatotype theory reveals that body types tend to differ between genders. For instance, women are generally more endomorphic than men, with softer and rounder body structures. Sheldon’s research also notes that gender differences in somatotype can impact behavioral tendencies.

What does Sheldon say about the influence of food and aging on somatotypes?

Sheldon argues that factors like diet and aging do not drastically change an individual’s inherent somatotype. While these factors may influence body size and shape, they do not alter the fundamental somatotype, which he believes is largely determined by genetic and biological factors.

How does Sheldon’s theory contribute to understanding the link between physical traits and behavior?

Sheldon’s theory contributes to the understanding of the link between physical traits and behavior by emphasizing that an individual’s body type can influence their temperament and behavior. His research suggests that physical characteristics, such as body shape and structure, are not just coincidental but play an essential role in determining personality traits and responses to social environments.