The Philosophy Tier List: Ranking the World's Wisdom

Summary

このビデオでは、歴史上最も重要な哲学を紹介し、それらをランキング形式で評価しています。享楽主義からstoicism、仏教、キリスト教、科学、人権、心理学者たちの理論まで幅広い哲学を網羅し、それぞれの哲学が人生に与える影響と価値を分析。特に科学や人権は現代社会にとって非常に重要な哲学であり、科学は疑義主義や宗教の偏執症を克服し、人権は個人の尊厳と自由を重んじる価値観を提唱していると評価されています。一方で、享楽主義や偏執症は人生戦略としては適さないと指摘。哲学を通じて人生の意義を探求し、自己責任と選択肢の重みについて考えることができます。

Takeaways

• 😀 哲学と宗教は人生の意味を探求してきたが、いくつかの哲学は他よりも優れていると評価されている。
• 🎉 ヘドニズムは快楽的追求を人生の最高の目的としているが、長期的なコストがつきやすいという批判がある。
• 📚 ストイック主義は自己管理と理性を重視し、現代のSNSに満ちた情報に影響されず堅実な生活を提唱する。
• 🧘 タオ主義は東洋哲学の源流であり、対立する二つの要素を調和させることを目指している。
• 🏰 儒教は家族への尊敬と社会的責務を重視し、教育の重要性を強調するが、失敗による家族への恥の文化も生む。
• 🤔 犬儒主義は物質主義に反発し、自己否定を通じて幸福を実現するという考え方を持ち、しかしその思想は受け入れられ難かった。
• 🙏 仏教は科学的に検証された核心教えを持っており、精神的な健康と瞑想の重要性を説教している。
• ✝️ キリスト教はイエス・キリストの自己犠牲の精神を重視するが、その教えは人々の誤解や政治利用と戦うこともある。
• 🤨 スケプティシズムは絶対的な知識を得ることの難しさを指摘し、哲学的探求において重要な役割を果たしている。
• 🚫 宗教的基本原理主義は教義への確固たる信念を持ち、成長や多様性を受け入れず暴力に訴えることもある。
• 🔬 科学は人類文明の発展の鍵となり、知識を獲得し、実生活に応用する最も実用的な方法を提供している。
• 🌟 近代の人権、平等、個人の自由などの概念は、13世紀イタリアで生まれ、後に多くの価値観に根ざしている。
• 🧐 フロイトはトラウマや自己抑制、超我の存在について正しい点を指摘したが、性的欲求中心の理論は誤っていると批判されている。
• 👥 ヤングは影の自我や集積無意識などの概念を提唱し、心理学や人間の神話に影響を与えた。
• 🤷‍♂️ プラグマティズムはアメリカ文化を象徴するが、人生を最適化し、深い意味や目的を見つけるのには適していない。
• 🦅 ファシズムは進化論に基づく人種差別を正当化し、ナチス主義と結びついて歴史上最も悪辣な行為をもたらした。
• 🏛 マルクス主義は社会の腐敗が人々の差別を生むと主張し、しかしその結果として多くの命が失われ、評価は低い。
• 🤹‍♂️ アンアーキーは政府や権威を排除し、誰もが自由であるという思想を持ち、しかし現実にはうまくいかないことが多かった。
• 📚 ランドのオブジェクティビズムは個人主義に重きを置くが、哲学的整合性に欠けると批判され、実践においても問題がある。
• 🍝 飛行するパスタモンスター教会はユーモアとパスタへの愛情から支持されるが、真剣な宗教として扱われることは少ない。
• 🛸 サイエンティロジーは心理学を用いて人々の不安と憂鬱を癒すと主張するが、その背後には詐欺的な行為が行われている。
• 👽 存在主義はニヒリズムから救済を提供し、自己責任と自己実現の重要性を説教している。

Q & A

「快楽主義」とは何を意味していますか？

「快楽主義」とは、人生の最高の目的が快楽的な経験を積み重ねることにあるという思想です。快楽主義者はパーティーへの招待を断ることなく、いつでも何でも楽しむ傾向がありますが、長期的にはそのコストが高くなることが多いです。

「禁欲主義」が現代社会において支持される理由は何ですか？

「禁欲主義」は、あなたがコントロールできないものに影響を受けないよう拒否するという中心的な教えを持っており、現代ではSNSなどで常にコントロールできない情報に曝露される状況と共鳴しているため、多くの人々に支持されています。

「道家思想」が何を目指していると説明されていますか？

「道家思想」は「道」つまり方法を意味し、人生における二元性や明らかな渾沌を調和させることが目標とされています。

孔子の思想が東アジア文化の基礎となった背景には何がありますか？

孔子は戦士であり、帝国を築き、国王を助言しましたが、彼の死後、彼の著作は東アジアの文化的基盤となりました。孔子教は家族と親に対する尊敬と義務、教育の重要性、そして社会と権威に対する尊敬を重視します。

犬儒主義がどのような価値観を持っており、それがどのように評価されていますか？

犬儒主義は地上の快楽や経験をただの分心と見なし、厳しい自己奪取を通じてのみ幸せを実現できると信じています。しかし、彼らの思想は自己否定と禁欲主義を周囲に広めることに失敗しており、評価としてはCランクとされています。

仏教の核心教義が現代科学とどのように関連していると説明されていますか？

仏教の核心教義は、私たちの心における執着や時間的な世俗的経験に対する過剰な自己識別と闘うことです。これは心理学的には精神健康を改善する基本的な道であり、瞑想の実践は2500年後の今日でも最も効果的なツールの一つです。

キリスト教がどのような評価を得ていますか？

キリスト教は人類史上最有影響力の人物として高く評価されていますが、聖書の中には戦争、飢荒、疫病など多くの否定的な要素があり、それに加えて多くのキリスト教信者が自己中心的であるため、Aランクと評価されています。

科学的思考がどのように重要視されていますか？

科学的思考は人類文明を点火し、科学が存在する前の泥と火から救済された生命的な工具とされています。科学的思考は懐疑論に対する正しい答えであり、宗教的基本原理の治療法であり、それが登場するのに時間がかかりすぎました。

心理学の父フロイトの正しい点と誤った点とは何ですか？

フロイトは人々のトラウマを抑制し、自己中心的であること、そしてカウンセリングが感情的負担を解消する有効な方法であると正しく指摘しましたが、性に関する過剰な重要性を与える誤った点も持ちました。

ヤングの心理学的貢献とは何ですか？

ヤングは影の自己、アニムス、集積無意識などの概念を開発し、文化的に持続する影響を与えました。彼のアーキタイプの考えは人格理論の前身であり、人間の外部関係が内部関係を反映し、その逆もまた然りとするという洞察を持っていました。

プラグマティズムが持つ問題点とは何ですか？

プラグマティズムは、生活が苦しい人々に助けを提供する良い哲学ですが、既に良い状態にある人々に深い意味や目的を見つける方法を提供するのには適していません。それは彼らが望むものを信じることを正当化し、硬直した知恵と自己満足につながることがあります。

科学的思考がどのように人間の進化観を扱うべきか説明していますか？

科学的思考は進化のアイデアを政治に適用し、人種差別や偏見を生み出すことなく、進化の純粋さをナチスによって極端にまで発展させたファシズムとは異なり、マルクス主義は人々の生得の平等を信じ、社会的腐敗が差別を生むと主張しています。

アナキズムがどのような評価を受けていますか？

アナキズムは権力や権威を排除し、誰も他人に権力を持たないことを信じる思想であり、しかし実際には暴力や圧政が発生し、人々の自然な層階制度に従っていると評価されています。

ラントの哲学思想がどのような評価を受けていますか？

ラントの哲学思想は若い頃には魅力的でしたが、その後は単なるカオスな組み合わせとして見られ、彼女の人生が不幸であることから、その哲学もCランクとされています。

存在主義が現代社会においてどのように重要視されていますか？

存在主義はニヒリズムから救済し、人生に意味を持たせるアクションと選択を通じて自己責任を強調しています。現代社会において、私たちは無限の情報と選択肢を持っているため、自己実現の責任があるとされています。

Outlines

00:00

😀 人生の意味を探る哲学

この段落では、人生の意味や存在の目的について哲学と宗教がどのように答えてきたかを紹介しています。特にヘドニズムが紹介されており、快楽的追求を最高の目的とする考え方で、快楽を追求することは長期的なコストをもたらすと指摘しています。

05:01

😌 ストイックと道家の哲学

ストイックは自己管理と理性を重んじる哲学であり、多くの哲学者から高く評価されていますが、広く普及したわけではありません。一方、道家は東洋哲学の元祖であり、二分法や渾沌と呼ばれるものを調和させることを目的としています。

10:02

🤔 儒教と犬儒主義

儒教は名誉と義務、特に家族と親に対するものを重んじる哲学です。社会や権威に対する尊敬も重要ですが、失敗すると家族や祖先に恥をかぶことになるというプレッシャーがあります。犬儒主義は地上の快楽を単なる分心物と見做し、自己否定を通じてのみ幸福が達成できると信じています。

15:04

🙏 仏教とキリスト教

仏教は私たちの心における執着と世界的経験への過剰な自己同一視を指摘し、心理学的に健康を改善する基本的な道を提供しています。キリスト教は、人間の歴史上最も影響力のある人物であるイエス・キリストの教えに基づいており、自己犠牲と自己否定を重んじる哲学です。

20:06

🤨 スケプティシズムと宗教的基本原理主義

スケプティシズムは確かな知識を得ることが不可能だと主張し、哲学的に重要な役割を果たしました。一方、宗教的基本原理主義は特定の教義や文献に対する不動の確信を持ち、異見に閉ざされた状態を維持しようとする思想です。

🔬 科学と人権

科学は知識を得るだけでなく、それを実際に生活を改善する手段として活用することができる実用的な方法です。人権、平等、個人の自由などの概念は、私たちが今日andardを想定している多くの概念の根底にあります。

👤 心理学の父フロイト

フロイトはトラウマの抑制や自己中心性、社会的圧力の重要な心理学者でしたが、いくつかの誤った理論も提唱しました。彼の理論には、性的渇望や親への執着が個人の問題の根本にあるという考えが含まれています。

🧐 ヤングとその影響

ヤングはフロイトの弟子であり、影の自己、アニムス、集積無意識などの独自の理論を開発しました。彼のアーキタイプの概念は人格理論の前身であり、人間の心理学に組み込まれたパターン、衝動、物語についての考えは非常に深遠な影響を与えました。

🤷‍♂️ プラグマティズムの利点と欠点

プラグマティズムはアメリカ初の偉大な哲学者であるウィリアム・ジェームズによって提唱され、信じたいと思うことを信じて構わないという考え方です。しかし、人生がすでに十分な状態にある人々にとっては、最適化やより深い意味や目的を見つける方法を提供するのには不向きです。

🦍 進化論と偏見

19世紀後半には進化論が政治に適用され、人種差別や偏見を生み出しました。ファシストは人種や民族間の優越性に基づく淘汰を主張し、ナチスはその極端な形をとりました。

🏴☠️ マルクス主義とアナーキー

マルクス主義は人々の平等を信じていますが、社会的腐敗によって差が生じるとも主張しています。しかし、歴史上最も多くの犠牲者を出した思想です。一方、アナーキーは政府や階級、権威を排除し、誰もが誰かに権力を持ちうるべきではないという思想です。

📚 ランドのオブジェクティビズム

ランドは自己主義と資本主義を提唱する哲学を創りましたが、これはあまりに単純化された思想であり、彼女自身が不幸な最期を迎えることから、その哲学の限界が伺えます。

🍝 飛ぶスパゲッティ怪物教会

飛ぶスパゲッティ怪物教会は、宇宙が次元をまたぐ大きなパスタ皿によって創造されたと信じる宗教です。8つの戒律があり、30日間の神の返品保証もあります。

🛸 科学者による宗教

ある宗教はSF作家によって作られ、心理学の初期理解を武器に脆弱な人々に不安と憂うつを癒すと説得していますが、その神学は人々の体に宇宙人が住んでいると主張する偽科学に基づいています。

👥 存在主義の価値

ジャン＝ポール・サルトルは存在主義を提唱し、私たちの生活には固有の意味はなく、私たちの行動と選択によって創造されると主張しました。存在主義は現代の虚無主義に対処する解決策であり、仏教とストイックの教えを組み合わせた明確で論理的なジレンマです。

Keywords

💡ヘドニズム

ヘドニズムとは、人生における最高の目的が快楽的な経験を積み重ねることにあった哲学です。この考え方は劇的な長期的なコストをもたらしやすく、脚本ではチャーリー・シェンやオージー・オスボーンを例に挙げてその欠点を指摘しています。

💡ストーイック

ストーイックは自己の感情よりも理性を重んじ、物質的財産に依存しないという核心的な教えを持つ哲学です。ビデオでは、現代のSNSによって私たちが直面するコントロール不能な情報に対処するのにストーイックが役立つと評価されています。

💡タオイズム

タオイズムは東洋哲学の源流であり、「道」を追求する思想です。対立する二つの要素やパラドックスとの調和を目指し、脚本ではタオ・テ・キングの引用を通じてその哲学的な深さを紹介しています。

💡コンフシアン

コンフシアンは家族や社会に対する尊敬と義務を重んじる思想です。脚本では、教育の重要性と失敗による家族への恥の文化がコンフシアンの重要な側面とされています。

💡犬儒主義

犬儒主義は地上の快楽や経験が単なる分心であり、厳格な自己奪取を通じてのみ幸福が達成できると主張する哲学です。脚本では、ディオゲネスがアレクサンダー大王との出来事を通じてその思想を示しています。

💡仏教

仏教は私たちの心における執着と世界的経験に対する過剰な同一視と闘うことを核心とする宗教です。脚本では、科学が仏教の核心教えを裏付けるという驚くべき事実に触れています。

💡キリスト教

キリスト教はイスラエル出身の無学な農民が人類史上最有影響力的人物になるという物語を背景に置かれた宗教です。脚本では、キリスト教の教えは卓越したものであると評価されていますが、その信者が持つ偏見や政治的利用によって評価が下がっていると指摘しています。

💡スケプティシズム

スケプティシズムは何も確かめることはできないと主張する哲学です。脚本では、人間の心が確信を持つ傾向があることと、スケプティシズムが真の知識を得る難しさを示した哲学的影響力を持つと語っています。

💡宗教的基本原理主義

宗教的基本原理主義は特定の教義や文献に対する確固たる信念を持ち、反対の情報を排除する考え方です。脚本では、それが成長を妨げ、暴力に訴えると批判しています。

💡科学

科学は人類文明を点火し、命を救う「命の筏」として描かれています。脚本では、科学が知識を得るだけでなく、それを実際に人生を改善する手段として活用する最も実践的で反復可能な方法であると述べています。

💡心理学

心理学の父と呼ばれるフロイトは人間のトラウマや抑圧、自己中心性について正しい点を挙げていますが、性に関する過剰な重要性を与える誤った点も指摘されています。脚本では、心理学が私たちの感情的負担を解き、感情管理の有効な方法を提供するのに役立つと語っています。

💡カール・ヤン

カール・ヤンはフロイトの弟子であり、影の自我や集積無意識に関する独自の理論を展開しました。脚本では、ヤンのアーキタイプの考え方と集積無意識の概念が人間の神経症を説明する上で非常に影響力のあると評価されています。

💡プラグマティズム

プラグマティズムはアメリカの文化を代表する思想であり、「信じたいものは何でも信じなさい、それが欲しいものを得るのを助けるなら」という考え方を持ちます。脚本では、プラグマティズムが人生が苦しい時には役立つが、より良い人生を送る人々にとっては適していないと指摘しています。

💡ファシズム

ファシズムは人種や民族間の優越性と、それを科学的に正当化しようとする思想です。脚本では、ナチスによるその思想の極致への発展とそれに伴う悲惨な結果について触れています。

💡マルクス主義

マルクス主義は人々の平等を主張し、社会の腐敗が差別を生むと信じる思想です。脚本では、マルクス主義が歴史上何度も試みられ、その度に何百万人もの犠牲者を出してしまったと批判しています。

💡アナキズム

アナキズムは政府、階層、権威を排除し、誰もが誰かに権力を持たない社会を目指す思想です。脚本では、アナキズムの実験が過去に行われ、しかしそれらは暴力や圧政に陥り、失敗に終わったと語っています。

💡オブジェクティブイズム

オブジェクティブイズムはアン・ランドが提唱した思想であり、個人主義と自己利益を重んじます。脚本では、オブジェクティブイズムが単なるカロリー豊富な精神的なジャンクフードであると批判しています。

💡飛び交うスパゲッティ怪物の教会

飛び交うスパゲッティ怪物の教会は、宇宙が次元をまたぐ大きなパスタ皿によって創造されたと信じる冗談の宗教です。脚本では、その教会が提供する神の30日間返品保証とユーモアを通じて、宗教に対する批判的な視点を提供しています。

💡科学者

科学者とは、科学の分野で卓越した貢献をした人々を指します。脚本では、科学者が人類の進歩と文明の発展に欠かせない存在であり、彼らの貢献に対して賛辞を述べています。

💡存在主義

存在主義はジャン＝ポール・サルトルによって提唱された哲学であり、「存在が本質よりも先にある」という考え方です。脚本では、存在主義が近代の虚無主義に対抗し、個人の自己責任と選択の重要性を強調する思想として紹介されています。

Highlights

The video discusses and rates various philosophies throughout history on a tier list.

Hedonism is criticized for promoting pleasure without considering long-term consequences.

Stoicism is praised for advocating resilience and rationality over emotions and material attachment.

Taoism is recognized for promoting harmony and balance in life's dualities and paradoxes.

Confucianism emphasizes honor, duty, and education, but is critiqued for its potential to cause shame and pressure.

Cynicism is noted for its negative views on human selfishness and ambition, and its lack of appeal.

Buddhism's teachings on attachment and meditation are highlighted as scientifically validated and beneficial.

Christianity's core teachings are acknowledged as extraordinary, despite issues with some followers.

Skepticism is recognized for challenging the certainty of human knowledge and its philosophical impact.

Religious fundamentalism is criticized for its closed-mindedness and potential for violence.

Science is celebrated as a practical method for gaining knowledge and improving lives, ranking it highly.

The development of human rights and individual freedoms over history is acknowledged.

Freud's contributions to psychology, such as repression and ego, are recognized, alongside his controversial theories.

Jung's theories on the collective unconscious and archetypes are noted for their cultural impact.

Pragmatism is critiqued for promoting a shallow sense of optimism and entitlement.

Marxism is criticized for its historical outcomes, despite its egalitarian ideals.

Anarchy is discussed as an ideal that has not worked in practice, leading to hierarchy and oppression.

Ayn Rand's philosophy is critiqued as incoherent and less appealing beyond initial attraction.

The Church of the Flying Spaghetti Monster is humorously acknowledged for its satire of religion.

Scientology is criticized for its pseudoscientific claims and practices.

Existentialism is presented as a solution to modern nihilism, emphasizing personal responsibility and choice.

Transcripts

- What is the meaning of life?

Why are we here?

Philosophy and religion have tried to answer these questions

and let's be honest,

some have done a better job than others.

In this video, I'm gonna go through the most significant

and notable philosophies throughout history,

and then I'm gonna rate them on a tier list

from best to worst.

Now, you might be saying, Mark,

isn't it horribly offensive

the right people's most deeply held beliefs?

My answer is yes. So let's get started.

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Ever wish you were in a cocaine and tequila orgy?

Are you watching this in a cocaine

and tequila orgy right now?

If so, then you might be a hedonist.

Hedonism is the belief

that the highest purpose in life is simply racking up

pleasurable experiences.

Hedonists are kind of DTF for whatever and whenever.

They make great friends,

'cause they'll never say no to a party invitation,

and also they usually have the best drugs.

That said, hedonism is a pretty terrible life strategy.

If we've learned anything from millennia of mythology

and children's cartoons,

pleasure usually comes at a long-term cost

and those costs will add up fast.

Just take a look at Charlie Sheen or Ozzy Osborne

and kind of tells you all you need to know

- What? - Dtier.

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Stoicism is like your favorite philosopher's,

favorite philosophy.

Kant, Schopenhauer, Nietzsche,

they were all admirers of the stoics,

but for whatever reason, rarely was stoicism disseminated

to the unwashed masses.

That is, until Ryan Holiday came along

and now that shit is fucking everywhere on all of my feeds.

I think stoicism resonates today

because its core tenet is to refuse to be influenced

by that which you have no control.

And these days with social media,

we are constantly bombarded with dumb shit

that we cannot control.

Stoics pride themselves on resilience, fortitude,

righteousness, and integrity.

They were one of the first schools of thought

to prioritize rationality over one's feelings

and to be skeptical of becoming too attached to wealth

and material possessions.

Stoics understood that mastering one's mind

ultimately led to mastering one's life.

The only weakness to stoicism

is that it lacks a consistent framework

for managing emotions in a healthy manner.

It turns out you can't just ignore them

and hope they go away.

That said, it is still one of the most practical

and useful life philosophies out there.

Definitely A tier.

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Sorry Marcus.

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Taoism is the OG Eastern philosophy.

It's the ethereal predecessor of both Buddhism

and Confucianism.

The Tao means the way

and the goal of Taoism is to strike harmony

between all dualities and apparent paradoxes in life

of which there are fucking a lot.

Take this passage from the Tao Te Ching section 63,

"Act without doing. Work without effort.

Think of the small as large and the few as many.

Confront the difficult and it will be easy."

Taoism may be the optimal philosophy

for stone kids in a college dorm room

contemplating the paradoxical nature of being.

I certainly got a lot of mileage

outta my copy of the Tao Te Ching

with cute hippie girls in high school,

but that isn't meant to diminish it.

In fact, on the contrary,

I think Taoism a may be the best introduction

to Eastern philosophy there is.

So for that reason, A tier.

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Despite the memes that proliferate on the internet

of an old sagely Chinese man,

Confucius was actually a warrior badass.

He spent his life on horseback riding into battles,

building empires, and advising kings.

His writing didn't really take off until after his death,

where they went on to become the basis

of all East Asian culture.

Now, Confucianism is all about honor and duty

primarily to one's family and parents,

but also to authority and society in general.

Confucianism also puts a high priority on education,

but, then there's the shame.

If you fuck up, not only do you shame yourself,

but you shame your family, your ancestors,

and all of your unborn children.

Talk about fucking pressure.

Now, the intense shame and confusion cultures

can cut both ways.

On the one hand, you have people constantly terrified

of being judged, and on the other,

you have high levels of social consciousness

and very low levels of crime and violence.

I give it BT.

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Maybe my favorite story about ancient Greek philosophy

is about Diogenese the Cynic.

Diogenese gave away all of his material possessions

and began to live as a homeless man on the streets.

He would make grand nonsensical displays

and basically troll the community around him.

One day, Alexander the Great saw Diogenese

sitting on the ground, lying in the dirt, covered in shit,

and Alexander was completely appalled.

He told Diogenese, "Tell me what you want.

Anything in my kingdom is yours."

So Diogenese sat up, squinted at Alexander

and calmly said, "Get outta my sunlight.

You're blocking it."

Cynics believe that all earthly pleasures

and experiences were mere distractions.

That happiness could only be achieved

through intense self deprivation.

Cynicism's legacy has mostly been their negative views

about selfishness in human ambition.

They did not do a great job

of promoting their ideas around abstention

and self negation 'cause let's be honest, they kind of suck.

And the words of the big Lebowski.

- You're not wrong, Walter, you're just an asshole.

- Okay then.

- C Tier.

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For such an old philosophy, Buddhism's core precepts

have been validated by a surprising amount of science.

The core struggle within our minds is attachment

and an over identification

with temporal worldly experiences.

The Buddhist concept of Duhkha.

The path to enlightenment,

that is the process of dis-identifying with one's ego

and impulses is psychologically speaking,

the fundamental path to improving mental health

and the practice of meditation is 2,500 years later,

one of the most effective tools

that we have studied to help us on that path.

Buddhism trains us to manage our emotions

and not let them dictate our lives to us.

Ultimately, the core of Buddhism is to train one,

to become at peace with the impermanence of one's life.

It's only been that you can be truly free

to experience the profound joy of each moment.

The Buddhist core teachings remain perhaps the wisest gift

to humanity that we've ever gotten.

S Tier.

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Say what you want about Jesus Christ,

but it's pretty incredible that an illiterate peasant

from some backwater of the Roman Empire

would arguably go on to become the most influential person

in human history.

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Now, before we get into Christianity,

I personally believe that we have to separate

the philosophy from the people that follow it.

- You're not bound to this chair,

the day will come, you'll walk out of it.

In the name of Jesus, thank you.

- This is just a sad fact

of all of the world's major religions,

millions of the adherence,

leverage those insights for selfish, political.

- This is a nation under God.

- [Mark] And stupid purposes.

- Look up, look up, look up, look up.

That's all to say that if you look at Jesus Christ's ideas

objectively, they are nothing short of extraordinary.

This theme of radical selflessness, radical altruism,

radical sacrifice, while it's been practiced in perfectly

by billions of people,

nothing had existed quite like it in human history

up until that point.

So while Jesus Christ himself is definitely S tier,

unfortunately there's like another thousand pages

in the Bible full of war famine pestilence,

not to mention there are millions of Christian followers

who are just total closed minded.

So for that reason,

I'm gonna downgrade Christianity to A tier.

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Socrates famously said,

"The only thing I know for certain is that I know nothing."

Skeptics believe that it was impossible

to know anything for certain,

and for centuries,

they put together incredibly convincing arguments

that you and I and everyone else are full of shit.

As a result, skeptics developed a reputation

for being kind of annoying.

Wrong, wrong, wrong, wrong.

But they were also very important philosophically

because the human mind has a tendency

to wanna be certain about things.

Skeptics were also influential

because they showed that true 100% factual knowledge

is nearly impossible to achieve

with our limited faculties.

This caused the problem that philosophy

has been struggling with ever since.

How can you know anything for sure?

And if you don't know anything,

what meaning or value does anything you do have?

We'll keep coming back to these questions

throughout the rest of the video, but for now, fuck it.

B tier.

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Religious fundamentalism

is the unwavering certainty in a specific doctrine or text.

The devotion of the fundamentalist

requires a complete mental and emotional shutdown

that they are entirely closed off the contrary

information or perspective.

As a result, fundamentalism is a stasis,

a complete and utter lack of growth.

And to preserve that stasis,

they must always resort to violence.

Most of history's bloodshed and oppression

was rooted in religious fundamentalism.

Fundamentalism is like a mind virus.

It brainwashes you, it coddles you

and prevents you from seeing your fellow humans

as perfect and unique just as they are.

It prevents you from learning and growing.

It puts a big FU in F tier.

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This chart is of the global wealth

over the past 2000 years,

and this, is where science was invented.

Science is arguably the spark

that ignited human civilization,

the life raft that saved us from the muck and the fire.

- Now you can come and help me if you want.

You can come and help.

The most practical, replicable,

and usable method of not only gaining knowledge,

but then utilizing that knowledge

in a way that actually improves lives.

Ultimately, science is the correct answer to skepticism.

It is the cure for religious fundamentalism,

and it took way too fucking long for it to get here.

While priests and philosophers

spent millennia imagining what was good and meaningful

and then literally killing each other over it,

scientists have quietly built everything

that is good and meaningful in this world

while receiving little to no credit and much condemnation.

Easy S tier.

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In the hundreds of thousands of years of human history,

it wasn't until the 1300s in Northern Italy

that something truly special happened.

For the first time ever, people looked around

and thought to themselves, wait a second,

maybe we shouldn't kill, maim and slave

and torture other human beings.

Maybe, just maybe every human life is valuable

and we should orient all of our moral beliefs

around that singular truth.

Most of the people who said this were then killed, maim,

tortured and enslaved.

But, you know, that's how it goes.

Fortunately, the idea took root

and over the next 700 years,

it would blossom into the many concepts

that we take for granted today.

Human rights, equality, freedom of the individual,

political autonomy, and human dignity.

These things, I'm gonna say we're overall very good. S tier.

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The godfather of psychology,

Freud got a lot of things right

and he also got a lot of things wrong,

but let's start with what he got right.

People bury their trauma, they repress memories,

and that with fucks us long after it actually happens.

Humans are fundamentally irrational and selfish.

It's only the very strong civilizational forces

and societal pressures that keep us in line

and prevent chaos from ensuing.

He also got right that the ego is a thing.

He also discovered that talk therapy

is one of the most effective ways

to help us unravel emotional burdens.

And a good therapist can be as good as any good medicine,

but, now let's look at what he got wrong.

Dicks. Everybody either has a dick, or wants a dick

or wanted a dick.

All your problems, they come down dicks.

Not enough dick, too much dick, bigger dicks, more dicks.

Or fuck your mother.

No, literally, Freud literally said, "Fuck your mother."

Or rather more accurately, he said

that you wanna your mother secretly

and that you want to give your mother a dick

or you want your mother's dick.

I wish I was making this up guys,

but I'm actually kind of not.

Did I mention that Freud loves cocaine?

All around Freudianism is a very mixed bag. C tier.

(upbeat music)

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Therapy was hugely impactful for me when I was younger.

It took me from being a brash, insecure, selfish young man

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Which doesn't sound like much,

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back to the tier list.

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Carl Young was Freud's protege who broke off

and developed his own theories around the shadow self,

animus and collective unconscious.

His influence on culture has persisted

most notably through the ideas of Joseph Campbell

and Jordan Peterson.

In my mind, young has made three big enduring contributions.

His notions of archetypes were the predecessor

to personality theory, which has been one of the most useful

and replicated parts of psychology.

He pointed out that the quality

of our external relationships

tend to mirror the quality of our internal relationship

and vice versa.

And finally, his notion of the collective unconscious.

The idea that there are certain patterns, impulses,

and narratives that are hardwired into human psychology,

cross-culturally is absolutely profound.

Joseph Campbell extended this research

to help explain the common principles

behind all human mythologies,

and as a result, we got Marvel movies and Star Wars.

So in other Disney,

you owe Carl Jung a big fat fucking royalty check.

All that said, there is quite a bit

of supernatural woo woo stuff going on in Young's work.

I'm gonna go with B tier.

Oh shit.

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William James is celebrated as America's first

and greatest philosopher

and pragmatism may represent us culturally

more than any other school of thought.

Believe what you wanna believe

as long as it helps you get what you want.

- It is but a scratch.

- A scratch, your arms off.

- No it isn't.

- This generates a sense of naive optimism and excitement,

but it also makes us a little bit shallow

and entitled as fuck.

Pragmatism is what I call a great bad to okay philosophy.

That means that if your life is a total dumpster fire,

it's good at helping you get out of that dumpster fire.

But pragmatism is a terrible okay to great philosophy

that is, it's bad at taking people

whose lives are already pretty decent,

and giving them ways to optimize

or find deeper meaning or purpose

because basically it endorses indulging

in whatever you want to feel.

It tells you that you should delude yourself

into believing that whatever you wanna believe.

This ends up flying in the face of the hard fought wisdom

of Buddhism and stoicism.

And so for that reason, I have to give it C tier.

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When you have a hammer, everything looks like a nail.

And in the late 19th century, evolution was the hammer.

People were applying it to everything.

Pretty soon these ideas found their way into politics

and some of the most rabid racism and prejudice ensued.

Fascists believed that not only were some races

and nationalities superior to others,

but they felt that they had the evolutionary right

to eliminate other races or nationalities.

This gross notion of evolutionary purity reached its peak

with the Nazis, and I probably don't need to tell you

how that went, obvious F tier.

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Whereas fascism took evolutionary ideas

of genetic differences to their logical extreme,

Marxism did the opposite.

It believed that all people were inherently equal,

but that it was exploitation

and corruption by society that created differences.

This is kind of a children's playground view of the world.

Susie has better toys than I do, so that's not fair.

I should have her toys.

If we were to simply look at the number

of deaths caused throughout history by a philosophy,

Marxism is far and away the worst human idea ever invented.

Malon Stalin killed far more people than Hitler ever did,

and I would submit that the massacre of Pol Pot in Cambodia,

the manmade famines of East Africa

and the ongoing Kim regime of North Korea

are the most horrible events

that have occurred in my lifetime.

Pro tip, if your favorite ideology

every time it's been tried throughout history,

accidentally gets tens of millions of people killed.

Well, maybe it's just a garbage ideology.

F Tier, fuck you marks.

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After all the ideological bullshit,

it's easy to sympathize with the desire

to get rid of all government, all hierarchy,

all authority whatsoever, enter anarchy.

A belief that no human should have power

or authority over anyone else.

Anarchy was epitomized in the free love '60s

and the punk rock '70s,

and it even resulted in a number of political experiments

in the western world.

Now, these were basically like hippie communes

in small little cultish groups in the countryside

where everybody would share possessions

and fuck each other as much as they wanted to.

Basically, none of these experiments went well.

one by one, they each fell under the influence

of some aggressive little Mussolini type figure,

and thus creating more violence and oppression

than what these people were running from in the first place.

So, sorry kids, status hierarchies

seem to be a part of human nature,

and no matter how much you try to escape them,

they're gonna follow you.

I hope you enjoyed the drugs and sex though. D tier.

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Anne Rand wrote capitalism porn that primarily appealed

to underachieving teenagers.

I fully admit that I too was totally taken

by Atlas Shrugged when I was 18,

but that's mostly because I was a depressed stoner

who had no ambition

and needed to be hit in the face by a 1200 page book

just to get off my and go do something.

Sadly, the appeal of Rand's philosophy kind of ends there.

It's less a coherent philosophy

and more just like, I don't know.

You know when you have like a bunch of leftovers

in the fridge,

and you just kind of like throw everything on a plate

and microwave them into something that resembles a meal?

Well, yeah, that's kind of what objectiveism is.

It's part Calvinism, part Adam Smith, part Aristotle,

but none of it tastes as good as the original.

And I have to say, it's quite telling

that Anne Rand died broke, miserable and alone.

That says something. C tier.

Fuck!

- [Narrator] He's part of something called the Church

of the Flying Spaghetti Monster.

- Colander is our most holy object.

- They don't think that the religion is serious.

They don't think it's a real religion.

- I thank the pastor, and the sauce and the meatballs.

Well, they provide me with all my needs. Ramen.

- The Church of the Flying Spaghetti Monster

believes that the universe was created

by a large interdimensional plate of pasta,

whose newly appendages are holding the universe together

via the forces of gravity.

And instead of the 10 Commandments,

the Church of the Flying Spaghetti Monster has eight.

I would prefer a few don'ts.

I am personally quite a fan of the flying spaghetti monster,

mostly because, well, A, I have a sense of humor

and B, because I also greatly enjoy pasta.

If this is worshiping, fuck, I am a holy man.

Wow. Best of all,

the Church of the Flying Spaghetti monster

has a 30 day God back guarantee.

If you convert to the church of the wine spaghetti monster

and aren't satisfied within 30 days,

you can go back to your old God and be forgiven.

Now if that's not a good deal, I don't know what is.

Definitely A tier.

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Imagine if there was a religion

started by a sociopathic sci-fi author.

Now imagine this religion weaponized

early understandings of psychology

to convince vulnerable people

that it could cure their anxiety and depression.

Imagine if this religion relied on pseudoscience

to convince these people that it was legitimate.

Now, imagine this religion

extorted and blackmailed its followers

to prevent them from leaving.

Imagine its theology was based on the idea that

aliens inhabit human bodies

and were birthed in a giant volcano.

Now, imagine that it kept this theology from its followers

for as long as possible to make sure that they didn't leave.

Imagine if this church was so rich

that it regularly advertised during the Super Bowl.

Imagine if this church was not taxed.

Imagine if its most popular adherent

was an a-list celebrity.

Can you imagine that shit?

The only good thing I can say

is that they haven't committed genocide.

E tier.

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In the concentration camps of World War II,

a young French soldier conceived of a philosophical system

that would save us from nihilism.

"Existence precedes essence."

Jean-Paul Sart wrote.

It meant there are no inherent meaning in our lives,

but what we create through our actions and choices.

Every action or choice is meaningful

because it negates an infinite number of other actions

that we could potentially choose.

Sart argued that we are responsible

for our choices in every single moment,

and this responsibility terrifies us

because the moment that we admit we've chosen something,

we must forfeit every other alternative

and live with the choice.

This overwhelming sense of responsibility

to choose our own lives therefore causes most people

to live in what Sart called bad faith.

Basically, outsourcing our entire sense of identity

and existence to a God, a political authority,

or the people around us who tell us what to do

and who to be.

Existentialism tops our list

mainly because it is the solution

to the ever present nihilism of the modern age.

It takes the best precepts of both Buddhism and stoicism

and wraps in a clear, logical dilemma.

And this is ultimately the struggle of our age.

With infinite information and endless possibilities,

we each have a responsibility to choose who we become.

There is no excuse. You have access to everything.

You have all of the world's information

from all of history at your fingertips.

The only thing standing between you

and your ideals is your own fear. S tier.

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