Paradigma Kajian Hubungan Internasional

Summary

This lecture on international relations explores the discipline as an interdisciplinary study of global interactions. It covers the roles of both state and non-state actors, including organizations and individuals, in shaping global dynamics. The lecture delves into various paradigms within international relations theory, such as liberalism, realism, behaviorism, structuralism, and pluralism, each offering distinct views on global cooperation, power struggles, and economic relations. Additionally, the influence of information technology and social media on international affairs is highlighted, showcasing how individuals and movements can have a significant impact on global issues.

Takeaways

• 😀 International Relations (IR) is an interdisciplinary field that studies interactions between actors across national borders.
• 😀 IR examines global trends and interactions that affect human welfare, encompassing areas like politics, economics, and social issues.
• 😀 Traditional IR studies focused on state actors, but contemporary IR emphasizes the growing role of non-state actors such as international organizations and individuals.
• 😀 The development of IR as a field reflects changing global dynamics, particularly post-World War II with the rise of new actors like Third World countries.
• 😀 The five main paradigms in IR are Liberalism, Realism, Behaviorism, Structuralism, and Pluralism, each offering a different perspective on international interactions.
• 😀 Liberalism emphasizes peace, cooperation, and global governance to regulate international relations and prevent conflict.
• 😀 Realism views international relations as a struggle for power, where states seek to increase their own security and power, often leading to competition and conflict.
• 😀 Behaviorism in IR focuses on the decision-making processes of state leaders and the behaviors that shape international relations.
• 😀 Structuralism analyzes international relations through the lens of economic hierarchies, highlighting the influence of developed, developing, and underdeveloped countries.
• 😀 Pluralism recognizes the importance of non-state actors in shaping international relations, especially in the era of globalization and digital media.
• 😀 IR is a dynamic and evolving field that integrates insights from various disciplines to understand complex international phenomena.

Q & A

What is the primary focus of the study of International Relations (IR)?

The primary focus of IR is the study of interactions between state and non-state actors across national boundaries, examining global issues that affect humanity.

What distinguishes International Relations as an interdisciplinary field?

IR is interdisciplinary because it integrates concepts and methods from various fields such as economics, sociology, politics, law, and history to analyze global issues that cross national borders.

What are the two main types of actors in International Relations?

The two main types of actors in IR are state actors (countries) and non-state actors (such as international organizations, NGOs, corporations, and individuals).

How have the roles of state and non-state actors evolved in International Relations?

While states were once the central actors in IR, today, non-state actors like multinational corporations, international organizations, and even individuals have a significant influence on global affairs.

What historical events have shaped the development of International Relations theory?

The development of IR theory has been influenced by key events like World War I and II, the Cold War, and the rise of globalization and international organizations, shifting the focus from traditional military and economic concerns to broader social, environmental, and technological issues.

How did the global power structure change after World War II, and how did this impact International Relations?

After WWII, global power was primarily dominated by the U.S. and the Soviet Union. Over time, this power balance shifted, with the emergence of third-world nations, non-governmental organizations, and the increasing influence of international issues such as human rights and environmental concerns.

What is the significance of social media in shaping global politics and International Relations today?

Social media allows individuals to influence global politics and International Relations by amplifying their voices and mobilizing movements on a global scale, sometimes creating widespread political and social change.

What are the key principles of the liberalism paradigm in International Relations?

Liberalism in IR argues that all nations seek peace, and war is often the result of unintentional causes. It emphasizes the need for global governance to regulate state power and promote harmony between nations.

How does the realism paradigm view international relations?

Realism views IR as a power struggle between nations, where each state seeks to maximize its own power and security, often leading to competition and conflict. National power and security are prioritized in this perspective.

What role do non-state actors play in the pluralism paradigm of International Relations?

In the pluralism paradigm, non-state actors, such as NGOs, multinational corporations, and individuals, play a critical role in shaping global policies and the international system, challenging the dominance of state actors in global affairs.