Pembentukan Pemerintahan Pertama Indonesia (Alat Kelengkapan Negara)

Summary

This video covers the establishment of Indonesia's government after the 1945 independence proclamation. It details the three key sessions of the Indonesian Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence (PPKI) held from August 18 to 22, 1945. These sessions led to significant decisions, including the adoption of the 1945 Constitution, the election of President Soekarno and Vice President Hatta, the formation of provincial divisions, and the creation of government departments. It also discusses the formation of key national institutions such as the National Committee, the Partai Nasional Indonesia (PNI), and the Indonesian National Army (TNI), which became the backbone of the Republic’s early political and military structure.

Takeaways

• 😀 The first session of PPKI on August 18, 1945, resulted in the approval of the 1945 Constitution of Indonesia, with key revisions to the original draft.
• 😀 The first revision of the Constitution changed the phrase 'Ketuhanan dengan kewajiban menjalankan syariat Islam' to 'Ketuhanan yang maha esa' after consultations with Islamic leaders.
• 😀 The first session also led to the election of President Sukarno and Vice President Hatta, with both positions being chosen by PPKI via acclamation.
• 😀 The PPKI appointed a small committee led by Otto Iskandardinata to determine the division of Indonesia into provinces.
• 😀 The second session of PPKI, on August 19, 1945, established Indonesia's territorial divisions into 8 provinces and two special regions, Yogyakarta and Surakarta.
• 😀 In the second session, a total of 12 government departments were established, including key ones like the Ministry of Internal Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and Ministry of Finance.
• 😀 The third session of PPKI, held on August 22, 1945, established three new bodies: the National Committee of Indonesia (KNIP), the Indonesian National Party, and the People's Security Agency (BKR).
• 😀 The KNIP was formed with Mr. Kasman Singodimedjo as its chairman and several notable individuals as its members.
• 😀 The Indonesian National Party (PNI) was founded as a political vehicle for national unity and political development.
• 😀 The People's Security Agency (BKR) was formed as part of efforts to protect the country and counter the threat posed by the Allies, with Urip Sumoharjo tasked with establishing a national army, leading to the formation of the People's Security Army (TKR).

Q & A

What was the main objective of the PPKI meetings held in August 1945?

The main objective of the PPKI meetings was to complete the necessary formalities for Indonesia’s independence after the proclamation, including establishing the constitution, choosing the first president and vice president, dividing the country into provinces, and forming the first government departments.

What significant decision was made during the first PPKI session on August 18, 1945?

During the first PPKI session, the 1945 Constitution (UUD 1945) was ratified, and the formula for the state ideology was changed from 'Ketuhanan dengan kewajiban menjalankan syariat Islam bagi pemeluk-pemeluknya' to 'Ketuhanan yang Maha Esa'.

How were the first president and vice president of Indonesia selected?

The first president and vice president were elected by the PPKI through acclamation. Soekarno was chosen as President, and Muhammad Hatta was chosen as Vice President.

What was the role of Otto Iskandardinata in the establishment of the Indonesian government?

Otto Iskandardinata played a key role by leading a small committee tasked with drafting the division of Indonesia into provinces and forming the government departments. He also proposed Soekarno for the presidency.

What was the structure of Indonesia’s administrative divisions as decided in the second PPKI session?

Indonesia was divided into 8 provinces: West Java, Central Java, East Java, Borneo (Kalimantan), Sulawesi, Maluku, Lesser Sunda Islands, and Sumatra. Additionally, there were two Special Regions: Yogyakarta and Surakarta.

Which departments were established in the Indonesian government in the second PPKI session?

The government of Indonesia was divided into 12 departments, including Ministries of Internal Affairs, Foreign Affairs, Finance, Justice, Prosperity, Security, Health, Education, Information, Social Affairs, Public Works, and Transportation.

What was the purpose of the establishment of the Komite Nasional Indonesia (KNIP)?

The KNIP was formed as a national committee to represent the people of Indonesia and assist in the transition to full independence. It was led by Kasman Singodimedjo.

What was the role of the Partai Nasional Indonesia (PNI) formed during the third PPKI session?

The Partai Nasional Indonesia (PNI) was established as a political party to serve as a unifying force for the Indonesian people and to help organize and promote political activity in the country.

Why was the Badan Keamanan Rakyat (BKR) formed, and what was its purpose?

The BKR was formed to ensure the safety and security of the Indonesian people during the period of independence, especially with the threat of returning Japanese and Allied forces.

How did the TKR evolve into the TNI, and what was the significance of this change?

The TKR (People's Security Army) was restructured and renamed to TNI (Indonesian National Army) through a government decree on January 1, 1946. This was part of formalizing the national military structure and ensuring the defense of the newly independent country.