JENIS-JENIS BATUAN

Summary

This script provides an overview of different types of rocks, beginning with igneous rocks that form from cooling magma or lava. Igneous rocks are categorized into intrusive, formed inside the Earth with slow cooling, and extrusive, formed quickly at the surface. Next, sedimentary rocks, formed from organic and inorganic material deposits, are classified into plastic, chemical, and organic sedimentary rocks. Finally, metamorphic rocks, which arise from physical and chemical changes due to heat, pressure, and fluids, are divided into regional and contact metamorphic rocks. Examples of each rock type are provided to help visualize the concepts.

Takeaways

• 😀 Igneous rocks (batuan beku) are formed from magma or lava that cools and solidifies.
• 😀 Igneous rocks are divided into two types: intrusive and extrusive.
• 😀 Intrusive igneous rocks form beneath the Earth's surface from slowly cooling magma, resulting in larger crystals. Examples include granite and diorite.
• 😀 Extrusive igneous rocks form when magma erupts onto the Earth's surface and cools quickly, resulting in smaller crystals. Examples include basalt and andesite.
• 😀 Sedimentary rocks (batuan sedimen) form from the deposition of organic and inorganic materials on Earth's surface.
• 😀 Sedimentary rocks are categorized into three types: plastic sedimentary, chemical sedimentary, and organic sedimentary.
• 😀 Plastic sedimentary rocks form from the deposition of rock particles like sand, clay, and gravel. Examples include sandstone and shale.
• 😀 Chemical sedimentary rocks form from the deposition of dissolved minerals in water, such as salt, limestone, and gypsum.
• 😀 Organic sedimentary rocks form from the remains of organisms. Examples include coal and phosphate limestone.
• 😀 Metamorphic rocks (batuan metamorf) form from physical and chemical changes in existing rocks due to high pressure, temperature, and fluids beneath the Earth's surface.
• 😀 Metamorphic rocks can be categorized into regional metamorphic rocks, which form from tectonic pressure and temperature, and contact metamorphic rocks, which form from high heat and pressure from magma. Examples include marble and schist.

Q & A

What are igneous rocks and how are they formed?

Igneous rocks, or 'batuan beku', are formed from magma or lava that cools and solidifies. They can be divided into two types: intrusive and extrusive rocks. Intrusive igneous rocks form inside the Earth due to slow cooling of magma, while extrusive igneous rocks form on the Earth's surface from rapidly cooling lava.

What are the characteristics of intrusive igneous rocks?

Intrusive igneous rocks, such as granite and diorite, form inside the Earth. These rocks have larger crystals due to the slow cooling of magma beneath the surface.

What are extrusive igneous rocks and give examples?

Extrusive igneous rocks, like basalt and andesite, form from lava that erupts onto the Earth's surface. The lava cools quickly, resulting in smaller crystals in the rock.

What defines sedimentary rocks?

Sedimentary rocks, or 'batuan sedimen', form from the accumulation and deposition of organic and inorganic materials on the Earth's surface. These rocks are classified into three types: plastic, chemical, and organic sedimentary rocks.

How are plastic sedimentary rocks formed?

Plastic sedimentary rocks form from the deposition of particles from other rocks, such as sand, clay, and gravel. Examples include sandstone and shale.

What are chemical sedimentary rocks and where do they come from?

Chemical sedimentary rocks are formed from the deposition of dissolved minerals, such as salts and calcium carbonate, in water. Examples include limestone and rock salt.

How are organic sedimentary rocks formed?

Organic sedimentary rocks are formed from the accumulation of organic materials, such as plant and animal remains. Coal and phosphate rock are examples of organic sedimentary rocks.

What causes the formation of metamorphic rocks?

Metamorphic rocks form through physical and chemical changes in pre-existing rocks (igneous or sedimentary) due to high pressure, temperature, and fluid activity beneath the Earth's surface.

What are regional metamorphic rocks?

Regional metamorphic rocks form under high pressure and temperature during tectonic processes. They include rocks like marble and gneiss.

What are contact metamorphic rocks?

Contact metamorphic rocks form when existing rocks are subjected to high temperatures and pressure from nearby magma. Examples include hornfels and quartzite.