Sejarah Fiqih Lughah (Linguistik Arab)

Summary

The video discusses the history and evolution of Fiqh Lughah (Islamic jurisprudence of language), exploring its development through three key phases. The first phase, ‘Marhalatul Adam’, marks the pre-terminology stage where various themes of language were explored without the term Fiqh Lughah. The second phase, ‘Marhalatul Imtizaj’, sees the mixing of Fiqh Lughah with other fields like Arabic grammar. The third phase, ‘Marhalatul Istiqlal’, represents the independence of Fiqh Lughah as a distinct field. The video also touches on the modern development of the subject, influenced by Western linguistic theories and modern scholars.

Takeaways

• 😀 The history of Fiqh Lu'ah (Islamic linguistic jurisprudence) has evolved through three main phases: Marhalatul Adam (the foundational phase), Marhalatul Iztijaj (the phase of blending), and Marhalatul Istiqlal (the phase of independence).
• 😀 In the first phase, Marhalatul Adam, the term 'Fiqh Lu'ah' had not yet been established, and the focus was on the study of Arabic language themes such as Istikharah, Istighfar, and Islah Al-Mantiq.
• 😀 The second phase, Marhalatul Iztijaj, involved the blending of Fiqh Lu'ah with other Arabic language studies like Nahwu, Shorof, and Balaghah.
• 😀 During Marhalatul Istiqlal, Fiqh Lu'ah became a separate field of study, with significant works like 'Ash-Shahih' by Ibn Faris and 'Al-Furu' Al-Kafi' by Abu Haidar Azhari marking this period.
• 😀 Fiqh Lu'ah entered a modern phase starting in the 14th century, influenced by Western linguistics and the systematization of Arabic studies into areas like phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics.
• 😀 Key contributors to the development of Fiqh Lu'ah include famous scholars such as Ibn Sidah, Jalaluddin Al-Suyuthi, and Abu Mansur Al-Jawaliqi, whose works helped define the field.
• 😀 The classical era saw significant works in linguistic studies, including 'Sibawayh' by Umar bin Ahmad and 'Al-Kamil' by Ibn Al-Farahidi, which laid the foundation for the study of Arabic grammar and syntax.
• 😀 The second classical phase, also known as the period of the birth and growth of Fiqh Lu'ah, saw the emergence of important linguistic texts such as 'Al-Jama'ah' and 'Al-Atahdzib'.
• 😀 Modern developments in Fiqh Lu'ah included the production of specialized dictionaries and Qur'anic exegeses, marking a period where the field became more distinct from other Arabic studies.
• 😀 Throughout its evolution, Fiqh Lu'ah has been shaped by contributions from both classical and modern scholars, reflecting the continued expansion and specialization of Arabic linguistic jurisprudence.

Q & A

What are the three main phases in the development of Fiqh Lughah?

The three main phases in the development of Fiqh Lughah are: 1) Marhalatul Adam (Pre-Fiqh Phase), 2) Marhalatul Intizaj (Integration Phase), and 3) Marhalatul Istiqlal (Independence Phase).

What characterizes the first phase, Marhalatul Adam?

The first phase, Marhalatul Adam, is characterized by the absence of the term 'Fiqh Lughah'. It focused on the early study of Arabic linguistic phenomena, such as *istiqamah* and *istighfar*, but these were not yet recognized as part of Fiqh Lughah.

How did the second phase, Marhalatul Intizaj, contribute to the development of Fiqh Lughah?

In the second phase, Marhalatul Intizaj, the study of Fiqh Lughah began to intermingle with other fields of Arabic language studies like Nahwu (syntax), Sharaf (morphology), and Balaghah (rhetoric). This phase marked the beginning of Fiqh Lughah as an integrated but not fully independent discipline.

What is the significance of Marhalatul Istiqlal in the history of Fiqh Lughah?

Marhalatul Istiqlal, or the Independence Phase, marks the period around the 4th and 5th centuries Hijri, when Fiqh Lughah emerged as an independent field of study, no longer interdependent with other areas of linguistics.

What works from the 4th and 5th centuries Hijri helped define Fiqh Lughah as an independent discipline?

Significant works from this period include *Ash-Shaheeh* by Ibn Faris and other texts that clearly outlined Fiqh Lughah as a distinct discipline.

Can you explain the concept of 'Marhalatul Adam' in more detail?

Marhalatul Adam refers to the earliest phase where no formal definition of Fiqh Lughah existed. It was a time when scholars focused on analyzing Arabic linguistic phenomena without yet framing them under a unified discipline called Fiqh Lughah.

How did the study of Arabic language impact the development of Fiqh Lughah?

The study of Arabic language, particularly through the works of early linguists, laid the foundation for the emergence of Fiqh Lughah. The analysis of language helped develop themes that later became formalized as part of Fiqh Lughah.

What role did scholars like Ibn Buni and Sibawayh play in the evolution of Fiqh Lughah?

Scholars like Ibn Buni and Sibawayh contributed to the evolution of Fiqh Lughah by integrating linguistic analysis with other fields, marking the transition from a mixed approach to one where Fiqh Lughah began to stand on its own.

How did Western linguistic theories influence the modern phase of Fiqh Lughah?

In the modern phase, Fiqh Lughah was influenced by Western linguistic theories, leading to the categorization of the field into sub-disciplines such as phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics, similar to the structure of Western linguistic studies.

What is the importance of the 14th Hijri century in the history of Fiqh Lughah?

The 14th Hijri century marks the beginning of the modern phase of Fiqh Lughah, where it became more structured and was influenced by Western linguistic theories, leading to a more defined approach to the study of language and its jurisprudence.