Patofisiologi mula dan muntah#ffbku #fakultasfarmasi#ahlimadyafarmasi @mitha_syaharani @nurulhaq_v3

Summary

The video discusses nausea and vomiting, explaining that nausea is the unpleasant sensation of wanting to empty the stomach, often preceding vomiting. Vomiting is the forceful emptying of the stomach. The causes of nausea and vomiting range from acute gastritis and bacterial infections to more serious conditions like brain issues, pregnancy, and food poisoning. It also covers the physiological mechanisms behind vomiting, focusing on the brain's vomiting center and the roles of various receptors and systems. Diagnosis is typically done through interviews, physical exams, and tests. The video emphasizes the importance of health and invites viewers to stay healthy and follow the speakers on Instagram.

Takeaways

• 😀 Mual (nausea) is an unpleasant sensation of wanting to empty the stomach, often leading to vomiting.
• 😀 Vomiting is the forceful emptying of the stomach, often as a result of nausea.
• 😀 The causes (etiology) of nausea and vomiting include acute gastritis, brain signals, harmful stimuli, and pregnancy.
• 😀 Nausea and vomiting can occur due to conditions like acute gastritis, bacterial infections (e.g., Helicobacter pylori), and peptic ulcers.
• 😀 Alcohol, smoking, medications, food poisoning, and other irritants can contribute to nausea and vomiting.
• 😀 Symptoms of nausea include stomach pain, excessive sweating, and fainting, often associated with appendicitis or gastrointestinal disturbances.
• 😀 The vomiting center in the brain, located in the medulla oblongata, coordinates the vomiting reflex.
• 😀 The chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) in the brain can stimulate the vomiting center due to certain chemicals in the blood or cerebrospinal fluid.
• 😀 Various sensory inputs like vision, smell, memory, and emotional discomfort can trigger nausea and vomiting through the brain's sensory and limbic systems.
• 😀 Diagnosis of nausea and vomiting typically involves a medical interview, physical examination, and may include tests like blood work or ultrasound to determine the underlying cause.
• 😀 Nausea and vomiting are often symptoms of other health conditions, such as abdominal emergencies, infections, heart failure, and metabolic or endocrine disorders.

Q & A

What is nausea, and how is it different from vomiting?

Nausea is the uncomfortable sensation of wanting to empty the stomach, often leading to vomiting. Vomiting is the act of forcefully expelling the stomach's contents.

What are some common causes of nausea and vomiting?

Some common causes include acute gastritis, bacterial infections like *Helicobacter pylori*, food poisoning, alcohol consumption, smoking, medications, pregnancy, and central nervous system issues.

How does acute gastritis lead to nausea and vomiting?

Acute gastritis causes inflammation in the stomach lining, which can lead to irritation, discomfort, and the eventual onset of nausea and vomiting.

What role does the brainstem play in nausea and vomiting?

The brainstem, specifically the medulla oblongata, controls the vomiting reflex. It integrates signals from various sources such as the gastrointestinal tract and sensory stimuli, triggering the body to vomit.

Can nausea and vomiting be caused by psychological factors?

Yes, psychological factors like stress, anxiety, or strong emotional reactions can trigger nausea and vomiting through sensory triggers like sight, smell, and certain memories.

How does pregnancy cause nausea and vomiting?

Pregnancy-related nausea and vomiting, often referred to as morning sickness, is believed to be linked to hormonal changes and the body's adjustment to pregnancy.

What diagnostic tests are typically used to evaluate nausea and vomiting?

Diagnosis usually involves a medical interview and physical examination. Additional tests may include blood work, ultrasound, CT scans, or other imaging to determine the underlying cause.

How can food poisoning cause nausea and vomiting?

Food poisoning is caused by consuming food contaminated with bacteria or toxins, which can irritate the stomach and intestines, leading to nausea, vomiting, and other gastrointestinal symptoms.

What are the potential complications of untreated nausea and vomiting?

Untreated nausea and vomiting can lead to dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and malnutrition, particularly if the condition persists for an extended period.

Why is it important to identify the underlying cause of nausea and vomiting?

Identifying the underlying cause is crucial because nausea and vomiting can be symptoms of more serious conditions such as infections, gastrointestinal disorders, or systemic issues like heart failure or metabolic imbalances.