Globalisasi Ekonomi dalam Mata Kuliah Bisnis Internasional

Summary

This video lecture discusses the concept of economic globalization, explaining its definition, examples, driving factors, and impacts. It highlights how globalization connects countries, economies, and markets, leading to practices like international trade, multinational companies, labor mobility, and the formation of free trade zones. The lecture also explores both the positive and negative consequences of globalization, such as economic growth, job creation, and access to cheaper goods, alongside challenges like job loss, labor exploitation, environmental harm, and tax evasion. It provides a comprehensive understanding of the global economic landscape and its effects.

Takeaways

• 😀 Globalization is defined as the process of integrating goods, technology, labor, and capital internationally, connecting various countries economically.
• 😀 Economic globalization leads to the removal of national and regional economic boundaries, creating a global interconnected economy.
• 😀 Key examples of economic globalization include export/import practices, multinational companies, foreign labor, and the creation of free international markets.
• 😀 Multinational corporations benefit from globalization by expanding their business into multiple countries and reaching new consumer bases.
• 😀 The relocation of production facilities to countries with lower production costs is a direct result of economic globalization, aiming to improve efficiency and access to resources.
• 😀 The growth of foreign labor in countries like Indonesia is a notable example, where workers with specialized skills are in demand globally.
• 😀 The formation of international free trade zones, like the European Union, APEC, and ASEAN, facilitates open markets and boosts economic cooperation.
• 😀 Global cities like New York, London, and Paris have emerged as global economic hubs, specializing in sectors like finance and fashion, driving global trade and innovation.
• 😀 Globalization drives foreign direct investment (FDI), enabling both companies and individuals to invest in international markets.
• 😀 The positive impacts of globalization include economic growth in developing countries, job creation, poverty reduction, and increased prosperity across the globe.

Q & A

What is globalization as defined in the script?

Globalization is the process of something entering the global scope, marked by comprehensive changes and an integration of goods, technology, labor, and capital across different nations.

How is economic globalization different from national or regional economic activities?

Economic globalization involves the diminishing geographical boundaries for economic activities or markets, transforming them into global processes that include multiple countries, unlike national or regional economic activities that are confined within specific territories.

What are some examples of economic globalization discussed in the script?

Examples include the practice of import and export to increase national revenue, the presence of multinational companies facilitating business in various countries, and the ability to transfer production bases to other nations for efficiency.

What role do multinational companies play in economic globalization?

Multinational companies contribute to economic globalization by expanding their business operations across different countries, making it easier to reach untapped consumer bases, and reducing trade barriers for exports.

How does the concept of a 'free market' relate to economic globalization?

Economic globalization leads to the formation of free international markets, allowing countries to engage in trade freely, increasing economic activity and cooperation through agreements like the European Economic Area (EEA), APEC, and ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA).

What is the significance of AFTA in the context of economic globalization?

AFTA is designed to enhance the economic growth of ASEAN countries by promoting business, production, distribution, and consumption, making ASEAN a dominant force in the global market and attracting foreign investors.

How has globalization impacted urban hubs like New York, London, and Paris?

Globalization has transformed cities like New York and London into financial hubs, while Paris became a global center for fashion, influencing industries with its wealth of expertise and resources in these sectors.

What are the five driving factors of globalization mentioned in the script?

The five driving factors are: 1) Politics, particularly the reduction of trade barriers; 2) Technology, enhancing communication and transportation; 3) Markets, with international expansion of companies; 4) Economies of scale, reducing production costs; and 5) Competition, with new players from developing countries.

What positive effects of economic globalization are discussed in the script?

Positive effects include promoting economic growth in developing countries, creating job opportunities, reducing poverty and unemployment, increasing wealth, providing access to cheaper goods, and enhancing technological and knowledge exchange.

What are some negative impacts of economic globalization mentioned in the script?

Negative impacts include job losses in developed countries due to outsourcing, exploitation of labor in developing nations, low wages in these countries, tax avoidance by companies, and environmental degradation caused by increased production and consumption.