Ilmu Sosiologi || BAB I SOSIOLOGI Kelas 10 (Sepuluh) #1

Summary

This video lesson introduces Sociology, focusing on its definition, characteristics, and history. Sociology, derived from 'socius' (society) and 'logos' (study), explores social life and structures. It covers key points such as social actions, social structures, and the relationship between individuals and society. The video also outlines four main characteristics of sociology: empirical, theoretical, cumulative, and non-ethical. Additionally, the history of sociology is discussed, from its origins in 19th-century Europe during the Industrial and French Revolutions to its development in Indonesia. Viewers gain insight into the significance of sociology as a discipline shaping modern society.

Takeaways

• 😀 Sociology is the study of society and social phenomena, focusing on human interactions and societal structures.
• 😀 The term 'Sociology' is derived from the Latin words 'socius' (society) and 'logos' (study), making it the science of society.
• 😀 Max Weber defined sociology as the study of social actions, focusing on interactions that involve two or more individuals.
• 😀 Soemardjan's definition of sociology emphasizes the study of social structure, processes, and social change, such as class divisions.
• 😀 Soerjono Soekanto viewed sociology as a science that studies the relationships between individuals and society as a whole.
• 😀 Sociology is characterized by four key traits: empirical (based on observation), theoretical (abstractions from research), cumulative (evolving theories), and non-ethical (neutral in judgment).
• 😀 Empirical means that sociology relies on observed facts, not speculation, such as studying the actual causes behind traffic congestion.
• 😀 The theoretical aspect refers to developing concepts and theories based on observed facts, contributing to a deeper understanding of social phenomena.
• 😀 Sociology is cumulative, with theories built upon and adapted as new research and societal changes emerge.
• 😀 Sociology remains neutral, analyzing social phenomena without moral judgment, for example, by studying the reasons behind crime before labeling it as 'bad.'
• 😀 The history of sociology involves its birth in the 19th century, notably by Auguste Comte, who sought to address the social problems arising from the Industrial Revolution in Europe.
• 😀 Sociology evolved in the 20th century to address new social phenomena like migration and social interactions, leading to the development of modern sociology.
• 😀 Sociology in Indonesia began in the 1930s as a supplement to law studies but became a standalone field in the post-independence era, with the subject now required in schools and universities.

Q & A

What is the definition of sociology?

Sociology is the study of society, social actions, and the structures within social life. It originates from the Latin words 'socius' (society) and 'logos' (study), meaning the study of society.

Who is considered the father of sociology, and why?

Auguste Comte is considered the father of sociology because he was the first to propose the term 'sociology' in the 19th century. He aimed to develop a science to address the social issues arising from the Industrial and French Revolutions.

What is the main focus of sociology according to Max Weber?

Max Weber focused on the study of social actions, specifically how individuals’ actions are directed toward others. He emphasized the importance of understanding the motivations behind these actions.

How does Soemardjan define sociology?

Soemardjan defined sociology as the study of social structures and processes, including social changes that occur over time. He focused on understanding the patterns and systems within society.

What does Soerjono Soekanto say sociology examines?

Soerjono Soekanto stated that sociology studies society as a whole and the relationships between individuals within society, aiming to understand the broader societal dynamics.

What are the four main characteristics of sociology?

The four main characteristics of sociology are: 1) Empirical – based on observable facts; 2) Theoretical – formulates theories from observations; 3) Cumulative – builds upon existing theories; 4) Non-ethical – does not make moral judgments about phenomena.

How does sociology maintain an empirical approach?

Sociology maintains an empirical approach by grounding its analysis in real-world observations and evidence rather than speculation. For example, understanding causes of social phenomena like traffic congestion requires data and research, not just assumptions.

What does the cumulative nature of sociology mean?

The cumulative nature of sociology means that it builds on past theories and knowledge, continuously expanding and refining its understanding of social phenomena. Sociological theories are flexible and adapt to changing social contexts.

Why is sociology considered non-ethical in its approach?

Sociology is considered non-ethical because it does not immediately judge social phenomena as good or bad. Instead, it seeks to analyze and explain the underlying causes and conditions that lead to certain behaviors, such as crime or inequality.

How did sociology evolve in Indonesia?

Sociology in Indonesia began in the 1930s as a supplementary subject in law schools. After Indonesia gained independence, sociology became a distinct field, first offered at the Academy of Political Science in Yogyakarta, and later expanded into universities, eventually becoming a mandatory subject in schools.