SEJARAH KORUPSI DAN PEMBERANTASAN KORUPSI DI INDONESIA

Summary

This video discusses the persistent issue of corruption in Indonesia, exploring its historical roots from the era of kingdoms and colonialism to the present day. It highlights the alarming trends in the Corruption Perception Index (CPI) and the increasing corruption cases among public officials. Experts suggest that corruption is often fueled by need, greed, or premeditated intentions. Despite efforts to combat corruption, such as legal actions and anti-corruption reforms, the country continues to struggle with high levels of graft, with severe consequences for the national economy and governance.

Takeaways

• 😀 Corruption in Indonesia has been a longstanding issue, with its roots traceable to historical periods such as the kingdom era and colonial rule.
• 😀 The current situation of corruption in Indonesia is still alarming, with frequent reports of operations to capture corrupt officials, indicating its persistence among elites and public officials.
• 😀 The Corruption Perception Index (CPI) of Indonesia has shown a decline, with a 2020 score of 37 points, ranking it 102nd among 180 countries, signifying an increasing corruption problem.
• 😀 The main causes of corruption identified are necessity, greed, and premeditated planning, with corruption being classified as an extraordinary crime due to its severe impact.
• 😀 Corruption practices have been prevalent since the colonial era, where officials took advantage of taxes imposed on the illiterate population, mirroring corrupt practices in the Dutch East Indies.
• 😀 Political power plays a significant role in fostering corruption, with corrupt behavior being common among those holding absolute power, as noted by scholars like David Easton and Lord Acton.
• 😀 The deteriorating CPI of Indonesia highlights its struggle with corruption, while neighboring Timor Leste's efforts show significant improvement, having increased its CPI by 10 points in recent years.
• 😀 One of the primary reasons for the worsening CPI in Indonesia is the belief that corruption is no longer treated as an extraordinary crime, leading to insufficient punishment for offenders.
• 😀 In 2020, Indonesia faced a massive financial loss due to corruption, amounting to 56.7 trillion Rupiah, a significant increase compared to previous years.
• 😀 Legal penalties for corruption in Indonesia are often seen as insufficient, with many offenders receiving relatively short sentences, undermining the deterrence effect and failing to prevent further corruption.

Q & A

What is the main topic discussed in the video script?

The main topic is the history and current state of corruption in Indonesia, highlighting the persistence and growth of corruption despite various efforts to combat it.

What are the key reasons identified for why people engage in corruption?

The script identifies three key reasons for corruption: necessity or need, greed, and premeditation or design.

How does the Transparency International's Corruption Perception Index (CPI) reflect Indonesia's corruption situation?

In 2020, Indonesia's Corruption Perception Index (CPI) score dropped to 37, three points lower than in 2019, placing it at 102nd out of 180 countries, which reflects worsening corruption.

What historical examples of corruption in Indonesia are mentioned in the script?

The script discusses corruption practices dating back to the time of the kingdoms in Indonesia, where officials would impose higher taxes on citizens than what was officially set by the government. It also mentions corruption during the Dutch colonial era, where VOC officials and local aristocrats exploited people under their rule.

What does the term 'extraordinary crime' mean in relation to corruption?

Corruption is considered an 'extraordinary crime' because it is viewed as a severe, widespread issue that requires exceptional measures to tackle, rather than being seen as a common or routine offense.

What does the script say about the role of political power in corruption?

The script highlights that corruption is often linked to political power dynamics. It refers to theories by David Easton and Lord Acton, suggesting that power tends to corrupt, and absolute power inevitably leads to corruption.

How has the Corruption Perception Index (CPI) of Indonesia performed in comparison to other ASEAN countries?

Indonesia's CPI ranking in 2020 placed it 5th in the ASEAN region, with Timor Leste outperforming it. Timor Leste saw significant improvements, increasing 10 points on the CPI from 2013.

What does the script suggest is a major reason for the decline in Indonesia's CPI?

The decline in Indonesia's CPI is attributed to the diminishing perception of corruption as an extraordinary crime, leading to a weakening of efforts to fight it effectively.

What financial loss did Indonesia face due to corruption in 2020?

In 2020, Indonesia suffered a financial loss of 56.7 trillion Rupiah due to corruption, a significant increase compared to the 12 trillion Rupiah lost in 2019.

What is mentioned about the penalties for corruption in Indonesia?

The script mentions that, on average, corruption offenders were sentenced to only 3 years and 1 month in prison in 2020, and that 760 offenders received sentences under 4 years, which many believe does not provide sufficient deterrence against corruption.