Sejarah Berdirinya Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa (PBB)

Summary

The United Nations (PBB), established on October 24, 1945, is an international organization aimed at promoting global cooperation, peace, and security. Born from the failure of the League of Nations to prevent World War II, the UN's founding principles were based on the Atlantic Charter, focusing on peace, human rights, and non-aggression. Indonesia, a member since 1950, briefly withdrew in 1965 before rejoining in 1966, actively participating in peacekeeping and conflict resolution. The UN continues to work towards solving global issues, and its achievements are celebrated on United Nations Day, October 24.

Takeaways

• 😀 The United Nations (UN) is an international organization created to promote global cooperation on issues like international law, security, economy, and social protection.
• 😀 The UN was founded on October 24, 1945, and its goals are similar to the League of Nations, which was established after World War I to prevent conflicts and wars.
• 😀 The League of Nations failed to prevent World War II, which was triggered by countries like Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and Imperial Japan pursuing military expansion.
• 😀 World War II prompted the need for an international organization to create cooperation between nations and prevent future conflicts, leading to the formation of the UN.
• 😀 The Atlantic Charter, signed by President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill in 1941, laid the groundwork for the UN, promoting global peace and economic cooperation.
• 😀 Key international meetings, such as the Moscow Declaration of 1943 and the San Francisco Conference in 1945, were crucial in establishing the UN and its charter.
• 😀 The UN Charter was signed on June 26, 1945, by 50 founding countries, and it is structured with an introduction, 19 chapters, and 111 articles outlining the UN's objectives and principles.
• 😀 The UN initially had 50 founding member countries, and by 2007, it had grown to 192 members.
• 😀 The primary purposes of the UN include maintaining world peace, fostering international cooperation, resolving disputes peacefully, and promoting human rights.
• 😀 Indonesia became a member of the UN on September 28, 1950, left briefly in 1965 due to political reasons, but rejoined in 1967 under President Suharto, actively contributing to peacekeeping missions and other UN activities.

Q & A

What is the main goal of the United Nations (UN)?

The primary goal of the United Nations (UN) is to maintain world peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, and foster international cooperation in solving problems related to economics, social issues, culture, and human rights.

Why was the League of Nations unable to prevent World War II?

The League of Nations failed to prevent World War II because it lacked the authority and power to enforce its decisions, and its members were unable to act cohesively when aggressive nations like Germany, Italy, and Japan pursued military expansions.

What led to the formation of the United Nations?

The failure of the League of Nations to prevent the outbreak of World War II, combined with the global desire for lasting peace, led to the formation of the United Nations. Leaders like Franklin Delano Roosevelt and Winston Churchill pushed for the creation of an international organization to prevent future conflicts.

What was the Atlantic Charter, and how did it contribute to the UN's creation?

The Atlantic Charter, signed by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt and Prime Minister Winston Churchill, outlined key principles such as self-determination for nations, economic cooperation, and the promotion of peace. These principles were a foundation for the formation of the United Nations.

What was the role of the Moscow Declaration in establishing the United Nations?

The Moscow Declaration, signed in 1943 by the United States, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, and China, affirmed the importance of international cooperation in maintaining world peace. It was a significant step toward the eventual establishment of the United Nations.

When did the United Nations officially come into existence?

The United Nations officially came into existence on October 24, 1945, after the UN Charter was ratified by its founding members, including the five permanent members of the Security Council: the United States, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, France, and China.

What is the structure of the United Nations Charter?

The UN Charter consists of a preamble, four main sections (the body), which include 19 chapters and 111 articles. It outlines the objectives, principles, duties, responsibilities, and the structure of the organization.

How many countries are members of the United Nations as of 2007?

As of 2007, the United Nations had 192 member countries.

What role did Indonesia play in the United Nations?

Indonesia became a member of the United Nations in 1950, briefly withdrew in 1965 due to political disagreements over Malaysia’s inclusion, but rejoined in 1966. Indonesia has actively contributed to UN peacekeeping missions and has played a significant role in global peace efforts.

What is celebrated on United Nations Day?

United Nations Day, observed annually on October 24th, commemorates the founding of the United Nations. It is celebrated with discussions, exhibitions, and events aimed at raising awareness about the UN’s achievements and objectives.